Algae Seaweeds

Hot water extraction of the red marine alga Chondrus crispus, commonly known as Irish moss, removes a hydrocolloid material which has been called carrageenan. This substance, produced commercially, is used as a stabilizer and homogenizer in toothpastes, ice creams, chocolate sirups, chocolate milk, bakery products, and in other foods. However, the hot water extract 

Laminaran is a reserve carbohydrate in some brown algae. Large amounts are present in the fronds of species of the Laminaria. At certain seasons of the year almost a half of the frond weight is laminaran. At other times when 

An enzyme which will cleave the 1— 3 links of laminaran has been reported to occur in unfractionated specimens of wheat jS-amylase (124), The enzyme preparation hydrolyzes laminaran to D-glucose in 70 % yield, and crude soy jS-amylase hydrolyzes laminaran to 72.3 % D-glucose. There is a strong indication that the Z-enzyme of soybean and the laminaranase of wheat are identical (100), 

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Wasser-messer, m. water meter, water gage hydrometer, -messkunst, /. hydrometry. -moos, n. alga seaweed, -mhrtel, m. hydraulic mortar. 

The enzyme from the red marine alga seaweed, purified 950-fold catalyzes the deamination of compounds noted in Table VII 2 -AMP, 3 -AMP, NADP, and adenine were not substrates. Although no evidence regarding homogeneity was presented the constant ratios of activity for AMP ADP ATP NAD adenosine throughout the purification and heat inactivation data are consistent with a single enzyme. The reaction was activated by divalent cations Ca2+, Mg2+, and Ba2+ Ca2+ was twice as effective as Mg2+ and Ba2+. The percent activation by Ca2 of NAD, ATP, ADP, 5 -AMP, and adenosine deamination was 81, 260, 200, 116, and 0, respectively (182). 

D-Xylanases have been reported to be produced by several strains of bacteria from marine environments,140,141 such as sea water and marine-bottom sediments, and by green, brown, and red algae (seaweeds). The enzymes have also been isolated from terrestrial fungi, for example, Aspergillus batatae,142 Chaetomium globosum,142 and Irpex lacteus.143 These bacteria and fungi were found to produce both (1 -> 3)- and (1 - 4)-/3-D-xylanases, which were secreted extracellularly. 

On a global basis, macroscopic, multicellular algae (seaweeds) make only a minor contribution to marine primary production 95% is accounted for by the phytoplankton. Phytoplankton are short-lived compared with terrestrial plants, especially trees, and do not need to produce supportive structural tissue, which is mostly photosynthetically inactive.Virtually the whole of the net primary production of phytoplankton is directed towards reproduction and growth, but much of this is grazed by herbivorous zooplankton. As a consequence of this efficient grazing, phytoplanktonic biomass is low and the ratio of animal to plant biomass in the oceans is greater than on land. 

Phaneuf, D., I. Cote, P. E)umas, L. A. Perron, and A. LeBlanc. 1999. Evaluation of the contamination of marine algae (seaweed) from the St. Lawrence River and likely to be consumed by humans. Environ. Res. 80(2) S175-S182. 

Source Chondrus crispus (L.) Stackh., Eucheuma, and Gigartina species or related red algae (seaweeds) of the class Rhodophyceae. 

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