Seaweeds green algae

Xylans as true homopolymers occur in seaweeds of the Palmariales and Nemaliales, however, their backbone consists of Xylp residues linked by -(1 3) (Type X3, Fig. la) or mixed -(1 3, 1 -> 4)-glycosidic linkages (Type Xmy Fig. lb). They are assumed mainly to have a structural function in the cell-wall architecture, but a reserve function cannot be ruled out [4]. From the microfibrils of green algae (Siphonales) such as Caulerpa and Bryop-sis sp., X3 was isolated and the structure confirmed by methylation analysis, C-NMR spectroscopy [7], as well as by mass spectrometry of enzymically released linear oligosaccharides up to a degree of polymerization (DP) of... 

Molis M, Korner J, Ko YW, Kim JH, Wahl M (2005) Inducible responses in the brown seaweed Ecklonia cava. the role of grazer identity and season. J Ecol 94 243-249 Nitao JK, Zangerl AR, Berenbaum MR (2002) CNB requiescat in pace Oikos 98 540-546 Paul VJ, Fenical W (1986) Chemical defense in tropical green algae, order Caulerpales. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 34 157-169... 

Oceans are a great source for a variety of foods. Both the aquatic animals and aquatic plants are easily available and almost inexhaustible. There are many varieties of edible fish, crustaceans, edible seaweeds and blue green algae. Blue green algae is a rich source of proteins. 

There are three major groups of seaweeds the green algae (Chlorophyta), the brown algae (Phaeophyta), and the red algae (Rhodophyta). 

D-mannitol is widely distributed in plant families from photosynthetic bacteria to fungi, brown and green algae, mono- and dicotyledons, as well as animals [42-45]. It is the most abundant hexitol and concentrations of more than 1% dry weight are commonly found often much higher. In seaweeds it accumulates in the summer, whereas in many cases in higher plants the levels are higher in winter. It serves as a reserve carbohydrate,... 

P-Mannan is water-insoluble and solubilizing it requires very strong alkali, cuprammonium or derivatization. X-ray and electron diffraction show that mannan has a ribbon-like conformation, similar to cellulose, with the 2-OH axial instead of equatorial. In seeds (palm, coffee, caraway) a few (<5%) of a-Gal groups are attached to the hydroxymethyl and in seaweeds a small percentage (<5) of Glc residues may occur in the chain. A pure P(l-4) mannan has been extracted from cell walls of the siphonous green alga Codium latum as the methylol mannan with paraformaldehyde dimethylsulphoxide. It was purified by size exclusion chromatography in dimethyl sulphoxide and recovered by the addition of water or methanol and could be re-dissolved in hot dimethyl sulphoxide. Infra-red and n.m.r. spectroscopy and periodate oxidation confirmed the unbranched P(l-4) structure [185]. 

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