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Algae carotenoids

This work demonstrated that an airlift system was suitable for the cultivation of Haematococcus pluvialis, one of the most effective microorganisms that could produce high potential antioxidant carotenoid, astaxanthin. Aeration was shown to be crucial for a proper growth of the alga in the airlift bioreactor, but it must be maintained at low level, and the most appropriate superficial velocity was found to be at the lower limit of the pump, i.e. 0.4 cm s". ... [Pg.484]

Most of this amount is in the form of fucoxanthin in various algae and in the three main carotenoids of green leaves lutein, violaxanthin, and neoxanthin. Others produced in much smaller amounts but found widely are p-carotene and zeaxanthin. The other pigments found in certain plants are lycopene and capsanthin (Figure 2.2.1). Colorant preparations have been made from all of these compounds and obviously the composition of a colorant extract reflects the profile of the starting material. Carotenoids are probably the best known of the food colorants derived from natural sources. ... [Pg.52]

Carotenoids are predominantly synthesized in nature by photosynthetic plants, algae, bacteria, and some fungi. - Animals can metabolize carotenoids in a characteristic manner, but they are not able to synthesize carotenoids. The total global biosynthesis of carotenoids is estimated to be in excess of 100 million tons per year. ... [Pg.60]

Natural pigment production for food coloration includes the entire spectrum of biotechnologies. For example, biological production of carotenoid pigments has medical implications because carotenoids are nutritive (pro-vitamin A), antioxidant, and photoprotective. Carotenoids are produced alternately in agricultural systems (plants), industrial bioreactors (bacterial and fungi), and marine systems (cyanobacteria and algae). [Pg.350]

Unicelluar algal and bacterial genes were the first to be isolated and characterized and led to the isolation of most of the higher plant genes involved in carotenoid biosynthesis. Carotenogenic gene clusters from bacteria and algae" - - - contributed immensely to the elucidation of the carotenoid pathway. [Pg.373]

Transgenic E. coli accumulate comparatively low levels of carotenoids " compared to microbial algae, yeasts, and bacteria. Many efforts ° have focused on increasing accumulation by manipulation of factors affecting metabolic flux and metabolite accnmnlation (listed and discnssed in Sections 5.3.1.1 and 5.3.1.3 A) and have been reviewed." - " In bacterial systems, approaches to control can be categorized as either infrastructural (plasmids, enzymes, strains) or ultrastructural (media and feeding, enviromnent, precursor pools, substrate flux). [Pg.380]

Algae can be cultivated easily and quickly when compared to plants. They produce very high quantities of carotenoids compared to other sources (3.0 to 5.0% w/w on a dry weight basis). They contain both cis and trans isomers of carotenoids for high bioavailability and bioefflcacy, and also contain oxygenated carotenoids (xantho-phylls), which have greater bioactivity and better anticancer properties. The proteins from Dunaliella biomass can be utilized for bread and other products and whole cells can be utilized for animal, poultry, and fish foods because they are safe. ... [Pg.404]

The red microalga Porphyridium aerugineum is a source of blue color. This species is different from other red microalgae in that it lacks red phycoerythrin and its phycocyanin is C-phycocyanin rather than the R-phycocyanin that accompanies phycoerythrin found in many red algae and in other Porphyridium species. However, the biochemicals produced by P. aerugineum are similar to those of other red microalgae, e.g., sulfated polysaccharides, carotenoids, and lipids. An alternative source of C-phycocyanin is Spirulina platensis. ... [Pg.412]

Choubert, G. and Heinrich, O., Carotenoid pigments of green alga Haematococcus pluvialis assay on rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss, pigmentation in comparison with synthetic astaxanthin and canthaxanthin. Aquaculture, 112, 217, 1993. [Pg.424]

Carotenoids with ally lie hydroxy and keto groups such as the 3-hydroxy-4-keto group in astaxanthin which is widespread in marine animals, microorganisms, and algae undergo oxidation in the presence of alkali and air. Eor such samples, saponification is not recommended or must be carried out under anaerobic conditions. Eor this purpose, a special apparatus and procedure were developed by Schiedt et al. ... [Pg.452]

Molecular, spectroscopic, and functional genomics studies have demonstrated the remarkable similarity among the components of the photosynthetic machinery of cyanobacteria, algae, and plants. These organisms also share the need to balance the collection of energy for photosynthesis with the threat of photodestruction. Carotenoids are central to attaining this balance. [Pg.3]

Fucoxanthin, lutein, neoxanthin, violaxanthin, and zeaxanthin are the most common xanthophylls on our planet. They are found in the photosynthetic machinery of algae (fucoxanthin) and higher plants (Figure 7.1). Interestingly, lutein and zeaxanthin have also been found in the retina of humans and some primates (Khachik et al., 1997 Landrum and Bone, 2001). It is likely that these carotenoids possess some universal photophysical properties essential for both photosynthesis and vision (Britton, 1995). [Pg.114]

These experiments show that, as in the case of chlorophyll a and the carotenoids, the energy absorbed by the phycobiliproteins is utilized via the photosynthetic apparatus furthermore, they provide evidence that photophobic responses in blue-green algae are caused by sudden changes in the steady state of the photosynthetic electron transport, especially the non-cyclic one. [Pg.124]

SCHWENDER, J., SEEMANN, M LICHTENTHALER, H.K., ROHMER, M., Biosynthesis of isoprenoids (carotenoids, sterols, prenyl side-chains of chlorophylls and plastoquinone) via a novel pyruvate/glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate non-mevalonate pathway in the green alga Scenedesmus obliquus, Biochem. J., 1996, 316, 73-80. [Pg.161]

Chloroplasts (29-36) are the sites of photosynthesis and their ribosomes can carry out protein synthesis. Chloroplasts that contain chlorophylls and carotenoids, are disc shaped and 4-6 pm in diameter. These plastids are comprised of a ground substance (stroma) and are traversed by thylakoids (flattened membranous sacs). The thylakoids are stacked as grana. In addition, the chloroplasts of green algae and plants contain starch grains, small lipid oil droplets, and DNA. [Pg.21]

Pigments of the photosynthetic apparatus can also be destroyed after UV-exposure, with the phycobilins (main pigments of red algae and cyanobacteria) being the most sensitive, and carotenoids generally being less affected than chlorophylls (Teramura 1983). [Pg.277]

Cyanobacteria and algae have evolved a complex defense system against ROS, including non-enzymatic antioxidants like carotenoids, tocopherols (vitamin E), ascorbic acid (vitamin C) and reduced glutathione (Asada 1994). [Pg.282]


See other pages where Algae carotenoids is mentioned: [Pg.128]    [Pg.359]    [Pg.667]    [Pg.427]    [Pg.468]    [Pg.471]    [Pg.128]    [Pg.359]    [Pg.667]    [Pg.427]    [Pg.468]    [Pg.471]    [Pg.190]    [Pg.481]    [Pg.259]    [Pg.259]    [Pg.260]    [Pg.7]    [Pg.33]    [Pg.63]    [Pg.65]    [Pg.311]    [Pg.350]    [Pg.361]    [Pg.402]    [Pg.403]    [Pg.408]    [Pg.521]    [Pg.189]    [Pg.367]    [Pg.558]    [Pg.196]    [Pg.277]    [Pg.119]    [Pg.121]    [Pg.122]    [Pg.11]    [Pg.177]    [Pg.246]    [Pg.283]   
See also in sourсe #XX -- [ Pg.15 , Pg.208 ]




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Carotenoids from Wild-Type and Engineered Algae

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