Alexandrium ostenfeldii

K. Metfies, S. Huljic, M. Lange and L.K. Medlin, Electrochemical detection of the toxic dinoflagellate Alexandrium ostenfeldii with a DNA-bio-sensor, Biosens. Bioelectron., 20 (2005) 1349-1357. 

Figure 18.3. Alexandrium ostenfeldii dinoflagellate obtained from a phytoplankton sample collected in France (bouchot de Loire, May 28, 2004) by Elisabeth Nezan (Ifremer, Nantes). Whole cell (a), and after dissection (b).

Cembella, A.D., Bauder, A.G., Lewis, N.I., and Quilliam, M.A. 2001. Population dynamics and spirolide composition of file toxigenic 6mod. igQ dXQ Alexandrium ostenfeldii in coastal emba>ments of Nova Scotia. In Harmful Algal Blooms 2000, ed. Hallegraeff, G.M., Blackburn, S.I., Bolch, C.J., and Lewis, R.J. Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission of UNESCO, 173-176. 

Cembella, A.D., Lewis, N.I., and Quilliam, M.A. 1999. Spirolide composition of micro-exfi acted pooled cells isolated from natural plankton assemblages and from cultiwes of file dinoflagellate Alexandrium ostenfeldii. Nat Toxins 7, 197—206. -------. 2000. The marine dinoflagellate Alexandrium ostenfeldii (Dinophyceae) as the causative organism of spirolide shellfish toxin. Phycologia 39, 61-1 A. 

Falk, M., Burton, I.W., Hu, T, Walter, J.A. and Wright, J.L.C., 2001. Assignment of the relative stereochemistry of the spirolides, macrocyclic toxins isolated from shellfish and from file cultured dmodigtWiXQ Alexandrium ostenfeldii. Tetrahedron 51, 8659-8665. 

McKenzie, L., White, D., Yasukatsu, O., and Kapa, J. 1996. The resting cyst and toxicity of Alexandrium ostenfeldii (Dino-phyceae) in New Zealand. Phycologia 35, 148-155. 

Alexandrium ostenfeldii from Various Geographic Locations ... 

Alexandrium ostenfeldii culture (GB-42) Nova Scotia desMe-C 90%... 

Alexandrium ostenfeldii culture Nova Scotia HighN desMe-C 82%... 

Alexandrium ostenfeldii cultures Adriatic Sea 3.7 desMeC + unidentified iso ... 

Balech E. and Tangen K. Morphology and taxonomy of toxic species in the tamarensis group (Dinophyceae) Alexandrium excavatum (Braarud) comb. nov. and Alexandrium ostenfeldii (Paulsen) comb, nov., Sarsia, 70, 333-343, 1985. 

Ciminiello, P, Aversano, C. D., Fattorusso, E., Mango, S., Tartaglione, L., Cangini, M., Pompei, M., Guerrini, R, Boni, L., and Pistocchi, R. Toxin profile of Alexandrium ostenfeldii (Dinophyceae) from the Northern Adriatic sea revealed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, Toxicon, 47, 597-604, 2006. 

Hansen, P.I., Cembella, A.D., and Moeshup, 0. The marine dinoflagellate Alexandrium ostenfeldii paralytic shellfish toxin concenhation, composition and toxicity to a tintinnid ciliate. J. Phycol, 28, 597-603, 1992. 

Jensen, M. and Moestrup, 0 Autecology of the toxic dinoflagellate Alexandrium ostenfeldii life history and growth at different temperatures and salinities, Eur. J. PlrycoL, 32, 9-18, 1997. 

Konovalova, G.V. The morphology of Alexandrium ostenfeldii (Dinophyta) from coastal waters of eastern Kamchatka, Botanicheskii Zhumal (Leningrad), 76, 79-82, 1991. 

Lindholm, T.J., Franzen, J., and Kremp, A. Blooms of Alexandrium ostenfeldii in a shallow archipelago area in Aland SW Finland, in Proceedings 12th International Conference on Harmful Algae, Copenhagen, Denmark, September 4—8, 2006, abshactPO. 13-19. 

Maclean, C., Cembella, A.D., and Quilliam, M.A. Effects of light, salinity and inorganic nitrogen on cell growth and spirolide prodnction in the marine dinoflagellate Alexandrium ostenfeldii (Panlsen) Balech etTangen, Bot. Mar. 46, 466 76, 2003. 

FIGURE 26.9 A multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) LC-MS chromatogram with a baseline-separation of all spirolides in a Nova Scotian strain of Alexandrium ostenfeldii (AOSH2). 

MacKinnon, S.L. et al., Spirolides isolated from Danish strains of the toxigenic dinoflagellate Alexandrium ostenfeldii, J. Nat. Prod. 69(7), 983-987, 2006. 

Ciminiello, P. et al., Toxin profile of Alexandrium ostenfeldii (Dinophyceae) from the Northern Adriatic Sea revealed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, Toxicon 47(5), 597-604, 2006. 

Cembella, A.D. et al., Association of the gonyaulacoid dinoflagellate Alexandrium ostenfeldii with spirolide toxins in size-fractionated plankton, J. Plankton Res. 23(12), 1413-1419, 2001. 

Cembella, A.D. and Krock, B., Biogeography of spirolides in Alexandrium ostenfeldii from the North Atlantic—implications for shellfish toxicity and seafood safety, in 6th International Conference on Molluscan Shellfish Safety Blenheim, New Zealand, 2007. 

Kantu, C.M., Pharmacological Studies on Bioactive Substances from Alexandrium ostenfeldii, MSc thesis. University of Bremen, 2006. 

Alexandrium ostenfeldii was identified as the primary and possibly exclusive source of spirolides in Canada [11,15,16]. The spirolide derivatives present in this organism showed considerable variation between locations [16] and among different strains [14]. Many new spirolide congeners have recently been isolated, not aU of which have been fully characterized [17-20]. A. ostenfeldii is well known for producing paralytic shellfish poisons (PSP), but there is no evidence for production of PSP toxins in Canadian strains that produce spirolides [15]. 

Cembella A.D., Lewis N.I. and Qnilliam M.A. The marine dinoflageUate Alexandrium ostenfeldii (Dinophyceae) as the cansative organism of spirolide shellfish toxins, Phycologia 39, 67, 2000. 

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