Aldehyde health effects

When PET is extracted with water no detectable quantities of ethylene glycol or terephthaUc acid can be found, even at elevated extraction temperatures (110). Extractable materials are generally short-chained polyesters and aldehydes (110). Aldehydes occur naturally iu foods such as fmits and are produced metabohcaHy iu the body. Animal feeding studies with extractable materials show no adverse health effects. 

No studies were located regarding the following health effects in humans and animals after inhalation exposure to endrin, endrin aldehyde, or endrin ketone ... 

No studies were located regarding the health effects of endrin aldehyde or endrin ketone in humans following oral exposure. Limited data from a feeding study in rats suggest that endrin aldehyde and endrin ketone can cause hepatic effects (elevated serum enzymes) (Young and Mehendale 1986). 

Adverse health effects of exposure to endrin are described below. Except for 15-day feeding studies in rats, no information was found regarding health effects associated with oral exposure to endrin aldehyde or endrin ketone. No information was found regarding the health effects associated with inhalation or dermal exposure to endrin aldehyde or endrin ketone. 

Only one study (Young and Mehendale 1986) was found on the health effects of endrin aldehyde or endrin ketone in animals following oral exposure. 

No studies have been conducted to evaluate adverse health effects in humans or animals following exposure to endrin aldehyde or endrin ketone by the inhalation, oral, or dermal route. Additional human and animal studies via all three of these routes of potential exposure are needed to determine potential carcinogenic risk in people who may be exposed to endrin aldehyde or endrin ketone near hazardous waste sites. 

Reliable monitoring data for the levels of endrin, endrin aldehyde, and endrin ketone in contaminated media at hazardous waste sites are needed so that the information obtained on levels of these substances in the environment can be used in combination with their known body burdens to assess the potential risk of adverse health effects in populations living in the vicinity of hazardous waste sites. 

Aldehydes may also be thought of as photochemical oxidants. The definition here becomes a bit hazy, because aldehydes in themselves are photooxidative reactants, as well as secondary pollutants that have adverse health effects. Referring to Figure 4-4, we note that aldehyde concentration throughout the day in Rome, Italy, seems to decay at roughly the same rate as the nitric oxide concentration. It would be expected to track the reactive fraction of the hydrocarbons, and this is also borne out approximately by the Rome data. A maximal formaldehyde concen-... 

Other studies have also shown the favorable effect of biodiesel on PM and resulting health effects (Bagley et al., 1998 Carraro et al., 1997). Aldehydes, which are unregulated, tend to increase with biodiesel use (Krahl et al.,... 

Environmental scientists have generally defined exposure and health effects on a pollutant-by-pollutant basis. In indoor environments these include multiple air pollutants (i.e., 20-50 different VOCs, including formaldehyde and other aldehydes), microbial products (including spores, cell fragments, viable organisms, and secretion products), and reactive agents such as ozone, fibers, and others. The American Thoracic Society defined six important categories listed in Table 4. 

The levels of all tested chemicals were either at low levels or not found. It should be noted that it is probable that other molecular species were also present, as irradiation is known to cleave molecules and produce aldehydes, ketones, and other species that are largely hydrophilic. The study concluded that the health effects noted were not the result of exposures to emissions from irradiated mail, despite the fact that the employees had other clinically evident symptoms, including nose bleed, itching skin, and skin rashes. It is opined here that the low level mixture of lipophiles and hydrophiles was indeed responsible for the neurotoxic and other effects reported and that the impacts on workers were inappropriately ignored. 

Toxicology LD50 (oral, rat) > 5000 mg/kg, (skin, rabbit) > 2000 mg/kg causes severe eye irritation risk of irreversible eye damage harmful if inhaled, swallowed or absorbed thru skin causes respiratory tract irritation causes chronic human health effects TSCA listed Precaution Combustible incompat. with strong oxidizing agents burning may produce toxic fumes, PO, thermal decomp, prods. smoke, CO, aldehydes... 

An example of processing contaminants arising at higher temperatures, which decades ago were considered risky in terms of health effects, are primary aromatic amines (aminoimidazoazaarenes), whose precursor is the amino acid creatinine, Strecker aldehydes and heterocyclic nitrogen compounds arising in the Maillard reaction. Some other amino acids and proteins may also be precursors of aminoimidazoazaarenes. 

Many chemical component-s present in such aerosols are relatively stable they can be measured long after (days, week.s, or more) the aero.sol has been collected on a filter or impactor plate, for example. Short-lived reactive and/or volatile species such as peroxides and aldehydes are not usually determined. This may make it difficult to evaluate the health and ecological effects of aerosols because chemically reactive chemical species tend to be the most active biochemically. The chemical components present in the particles collected on a filter or impactor plate may react with each other when they are in close proximity. Particle deposits in filters or on surfaces may also react with molecular components of the gases flowing over them. Chemical reactions between the gas and aerosol may not affect mea.surement.s of metallic elements but may modify chemical speciation (compound form) on the collector surface. All of these factors must be taken into account in selecting sampling and measurement methods for aerosol chemical properties. 

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