Alcohol To azide

Diphenylphosphoryl azide also gives good conversion of primary alkyl and secondary benzylic alcohols to azides in the presence of the strong organic base diazabicyc-loundecane (DBU). These reactions proceed by O-phosphorylation followed by Sw2 displacement.78... 

Azides. A direct conversion of alcohols to azides involves activation with bis(2,4-dichlorophenyl) chlorophosphate. ... 

Stereospeciflc Conversion of Alcohols to Azides. Reaction of an alcohol with DPPA, Triphenylphosphine, and Diethyl Azodi-carboxylate forms the corresponding azides in 60-90% yields. The stereospeciflc nature of this reaction permits the conversion of A -sterols such as 3p-cholestanol exclusively to the 3a-cholestanyl azide in 75% yield. This synthesis is clearly superior to the alcohol - tosylate -> azide route which is longer and also prone to competing elimination reactions. 

Alternatively, the azide may be boiled with alcohol to convert it into the urethane, and the... 

In these cases the acyl azides formed have been used to prepare amines via Curtius rearrangement. The acyl chloride or azide intermediates can. however, also be reacted with amines or alcohols to form amides or esters. 

The conversion of an alcohol to an amine can be achieved in a one-pot reaction the alcohol 1 is treated with hydrazoic azid (HN3), excess triphenylphosphine and diethyl azodicarboxylate (DEAD). The initial Mitsunobu product, the azide 14, further reacts with excess triphenylphosphine to give an iminophosphorane 15. Subsequent hydrolytic cleavage of 15 yields the amine—e.g. as hydrochloride 16 ... 

Ferrous chloride-hydrochloric acid mixtures catalyzed the thermal decomposition of sulphonyl azides in isopropyl alcohol to give occasionally almost quantitative yields of sulphonamide and acetone, and the molar ratio of azide consumed to ferric chloride formed was typically of the order of 20 to 1 21>. 

Asymmetric introduction of azide to the a-position of a carbonyl has been achieved by several methods. These include amine to azide conversion by diazo transfer,2 chiral enolate azidation,3 and displacement of optically active trifluoromethanesulfonates,4 p-nitrobenzenesulfonates,5 or halides.6 Alkyl 2-azidopropionates have been prepared in optically active form by diazo transfer,2 p-nitrobenzenesulfonate displacement,5 and the Mitsunobu displacement using zinc azide.7 The method presented here is the simplest of the displacement methods since alcohol activation and displacement steps occur in the same operation. In cases where the a-hydroxy esters are available, this would be the simplest method to introduce azide. 

Ring opening of oxiranes using azide is followed by Staudinger reduction of the intermediate azido alcohol to give aziridines. 

Dinitrocubane (28) has been synthesized by Eaton and co-workers via two routes both starting from cubane-l,4-dicarboxylic acid (25). The first of these routes uses diphenylphos-phoryl azide in the presence of a base and tert-butyl alcohol to effect direct conversion of the carboxylic acid (25) to the tert-butylcarbamate (26). Hydrolysis of (26) with mineral acid, followed by direct oxidation of the diamine (27) with m-CPBA, yields 1,4-diiutrocubane (28). Initial attempts to convert cubane-l,4-dicarboxylic acid (25) to 1,4-diaminocubane (27) via a Curtins rearrangement of the corresponding diacylazide (29) were abandoned due to the extremely explosive nature of the latter. However, subsequent experiments showed that treatment of the acid chloride of cubane-l,4-dicarboxylic acid with trimethylsilyl azide allows the formation of the diisocyanate (30) without prior isolation of the dangerous diacylazide (29) from solution. Oxidation of the diisocyanate (30) to 1,4-dinitrocubane (28) was achieved with dimethyldioxirane in wet acetone. Dimethyldioxirane is also reported to oxidize both the diamine (27) and its hydrochloride salt to 1,4-dinitrocubane (28) in excellent yield. ... 

If the cation introduced by ion exchange is capable of multiple valence, the clay may serve as a catalyst for oxidation or reduction reactions. For example, montmorillonite treated with iron(III) nitrate is so reactive that it has to be stored under an inert atmosphere the clay catalyzes reactions of the nitrate ion, such as oxidation of secondary alcohols to ketones (via nitrite ester intermediates) and organic hydrazides to azides, and the nitration of phenols. 

Conjugate addition to 1 proceeded across the open face of the bicyclic system to give an enolate, condensation of which with the enantiomerically-pure aldehyde 8 gave the enone 9. Conjugate reduction of the enone also removed the benzyl ether, to give the alcohol. Conversion of the alcohol to the azide gave 10. Ozonolysis followed by selective reduction then gave 2. 

Support-bound isocyanates can be conveniently prepared from carboxylic acids by Curtius degradation. Because the reaction of the intermediate acyl azides with alcohols to yield esters is slow, Curtius degradation can be conducted in the presence of alcohols to yield carbamates directly (Entries 4 and 5, Table 14.8). 

An aq. soln. of hydrazoic acid was prepared by the Deutsche Gasgliihlicht-Auer Gesellschaft by adding oxalic acid and alcohol to a soln. of alkali azide, and removing the precipitate. L. M. Dennis and H. Isham prepared the anhydrous acid by slowly dropping dil. sulphuric acid (2 1) on to dry 0rj/A/>, fiece/lv,... 

The hydroxyl group must be replaced by azide with inversion of configuration. First, however, a leaving group must be introduced, and it must be introduced in such a way that the configuration at the stereogenic center is not altered. The best way to do this is to convert (R)-sec-butyl alcohol to its corresponding p-toluenesulfonate ester. 

A quite different heterolytic mechanism has been put forward for the reaction of diphenylmethylene with alcohols to form diphenylmethyl alkyl ethers (Kirmse, 1963). The ability of alcohols to suppress the reaction of the photolytically generated carbene with oxygen increased with increasing acidity of the alcohol. When sodium azide was present, the ylids of diphenylmethyl azide and alkyl ether were close to those obtained by solvolysis of diphenylmethyl chloride under the same conditions. Equation (22) is a plausible formulation of the reaction. 

The carboxylic acid 61 was converted to its aldehyde counterpart which, upon condensation with m-terf-butyldimethylsilyloxyphenyl-magnesium bromide, gave the alcohol 62. Conversion of the alcohol to the acetamide 63 was effected by a one-pot tosylation/sodium azide displacement, followed by hydrogenation (H2/Pd(C)/Florisil) and acetylation. Treatment of 63 by thallium(III) trifluoroacetate (TTFA)... 

Plpet 5 mL of the hexane solution containing 4-dodecylbenzenesulfonyl azides into a 100-mL volumetric flask and dilute to the mark with methanol. Pipet 5 mL of this solution Into a small stoppered flask. Add 2 mL of aqueous t N potassium hydroxide solution and heat at 75°C for 20 min. Allow to cool to room temperature, add 2 drops of 0.1% phenolphthalein solution, and 10 mL of 1.5% Na2S04. Shake, then transfer quantitatively to a 60-mL separatory funnel. Add 10 mL of butanol (or isoamyl alcohol) to the sample flask, shake, then transfer to the separatory funnel. Shake the funnel, let the layers separate, then remove the bottom (H2O) layer into a 100-mL volumetric flask, Add an additional 10 mL of 1.5% Na2SC>4 to the alcohol layer in the separatory funnel, shake, let the layers separate, then transfer the water layer to the volumetric flask. Neutralize the lined water layers to the phenolphthalein endpoint with 1 N hydrochloric acid, then immediately add 25 mL of Fe(NH4)(S04>2. Dilute to the mark with 1.5% Na2S04 solution, let stand 10 min, then read absorbance at 458 nm. Read azide concentration against the NaN3 calibration curve. 

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