Violence alcohol

F Alcohol is correlated with the occurrence of violent behavior, but cognitive, social, and environmental factors must also be used to explain the alcohol-violence association. 

NIAAA. (1997, October). Alcohol, violence, and aggression. Alcohol Alert, No. 38. 

Although these nitrations proceed smoothly, attempted nitration of an unidentified substance should always be carried out with extreme care, e.g., by working in a fume-cupboard and pointing the boiling-tube away from the operator. Many organic substances e.g., alcohols and phenols) react with great violence with a mixture of nitric and sulphuric acids. 

Furfuryl alcohol is comparable to kerosene or No. 1 fuel oil in flammabiUty, the Tag Closed Cup flash point is 170°F. In the presence of concentrated mineral acids or strong organic acids, furfuryl alcohol reacts with explosive violence. Therefore, precautions should be taken to avoid contact of such materials with the alcohol. Caution is also recommended to avoid over-catalysis in the manufacture of furfuryl alcohol resins. 

Alkyl hydroperoxides can be Hquids or soHds. Those having low molecular weight are soluble in water and are explosive in the pure state. As the molecular weight increases, ie, as the active oxygen content is reduced, water solubiUty and the violence of decomposition decrease. Alkyl hydroperoxides are stronger acids than the corresponding alcohols and have acidities similar to those of phenols, Alkyl hydroperoxides can be purified through their alkali metal salts (28). 

Chermack ST, Blow FC Violence among individuals in substance abuse treatment the role of alcohol and cocaine consumption. Drug Alcohol Depend 66 29—37, 2002... 

Simonds, J.F., and Kashani, J. Specific drug use and violence in delinquent boys. Am J. Drug Alcohol Abuse 7(3 4) 305-322, 1980. 

They also proved that explosions could occur in nitrogen-rich atmospheres and no flame was seen (even when viewed in a darkened room). A few experiments showed that explosions could often be eliminated if enough dissolved material such as methyl or ethyl alcohol, acetone, or ammonia were used in the quench water. Conversely, dissolved stable salts such as NaCI increased the violence of an explosion. (Green liquor would also be included in this list.)... 

The main acute effect is inebriation, which in turn spawns violence, spousal and child abuse, crime, motor vehicle accidents, workplace and home accidents, drowning, suicide, and accidental death. The chronic effects include alcoholism, liver disease, various forms of cancer, brain disorders, cardiovascular disease and other organ system effects, absence from or loss of work, family dysfunction, and malnutrition. 

Potassium metal can be dangerous to handle if proper precautions are not taken. Many of its reactions at ordinary temperatures can proceed to explosive violence (see Reactions). Also, it liberates flammable hydrogen gas when combined with water, acids, and alcohols. 

There are major consequences of alcoholism, from child abuse to domestic or public violence to traffic accidents and from cirrhosis to hypertension. Mean life expectancy of alcohol abusers is around 55 years. Alcohol seems involved in several hundred thousand deaths each year in Europe, with considerable added social and health care costs. This is in clear contrast with the little attention paid to the treatment of alcohol dependence and abuse. It is important to note that there is an increasing knowledge of similar effects on driving etc. from other psychoactive substances, particularly from the seda-tive/tranquillizer drugs and antihistamines. 

Violence Policy Center. Firearms Production in America. 2002 Edition. Washington, D.C. Violence Policy Center, 2002. Also available online. URL http //www.vpc.org/graphics/prod2002.pdf. Posted in March 2003. A comprehensive listing of U.S. gun manufacturers who are currently active according to Bureau of Alcohol, Tabacco, and Eirearms records. The list includes the weapons produced by each manufacmrer by caliber, and the number of each produced. 

The reduction of hydroperoxides with LiAlH, yields the corresponding alcohols probably via an LiAl(OR)4 intermediate. However this reaction with Bz202 resulted in an explosion (Ref 1) Cumene hydroperoxide (91-95% pure) will not detonate even when strongly boostered. However, it is easily ignitable can burn with sufficient violence to rupture steel distillation equipment (Ref 4)... 

The decomposition of the diazonium sulfate in the presence of alcohol may take place with considerable violence, and it is necessary to watch the reaction carefully so as to be able to check it, if necessary, by the external application of cold water. Acetaldehyde is rapidly evolved, and some will generally escape from the condenser. It is therefore advisable to lead the escaping gases through water, not only in order to avoid possibility of fire, but to retain any nitrotoluene which may be entrained. 

After heart disease and cancer, alcohol-related disorders are considered the third most important health problem in the United States, estimated to account for at least one fourth of all hospitalizations in this country. Almost 50% of those who suffer from alcohol dependence also abuse other legal and illicit drugs (see Appendix D). Alcohol is involved in 25% to 35% of all suicides and 50% to 70% of all homicides it also figures prominently in accidental deaths and domestic violence (388, 389). Furthermore, causes of death resulting from excessive alcohol use include the following ... 

HDI is a monomer used in the production of polyurethane foams and other related products, and is found in some industrial paints and spray painting operations. It is a compound which reacts readily with water and alcohols (Von Burg 1993). It has a vapor pressure of 0.05 mm Hg at room temperature, but can be present in aerosol form allowing a potentially higher exposure to individuals. The HDI-BT trimer is often present for similar industrial uses. It would be expected to have a lower vapor pressure however, the aerosol form can also be present, allowing potentially higher exposure of HDI-BT to individuals. HDI reacts slowly with water to form carbon dioxide (HSDB 1996). The base-catalyzed reaction of HDI with alcohols should be carried out in inert solvents the reaction may occur with explosive violence in the absence of solvents (NFPA 1994). 

Over 50% of Americans who currently drink report having a close relative who abuses alcohol 25% are children of an alcoholic parent. Alcohol abuse can devastate families by causing separation, divorce, and domestic violence, as well child abuse and neglect. Six million children live with an alcohol-abusing parent, and this can result in problems at school such as low attendance, academic difficulties, attention deficit disorders, and behavioral problems. Each year in America, more than 100,000 people die from alcohol-related accidents (cars, falls, fires, drownings, burns), cancer, liver disease, and stroke. 

RBD is characterized by a relative absence of the atonia characteristic of REM sleep. This lack of atonia permits the physical acting out of dream mentation, particularly dreams involving confrontation, aggression and violence. RBD is seen most frequently in older men. RBD occurs in both acute and chronic forms. Acute RBD can occur during withdrawal from alcohol or sedative-hypnotics. RBD has also been induced by the tricyclics, SSRIs and venlafaxine. The chronic form of RBD may occur as part of an identifiable underlying neurological disorder, but typically is idiopathic. RBD may also be an initial manifestation of parkinsonism. RBD is very responsive to clonazepam, although this use has not been FDA approved. 

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