Alcaligens eutrophus

Benzoate dioxygenase (BZDO) Ralstonia eutropha (former Alcaligenes eutrophus) 1971 [236] [224]... 

In Table 2, different carbon sources were evaluated and it was foimd that each strain produced different amounts of PHAs. For example, Alcaligenes eutrophus or Rastonta eutropha prefers to use fructose (Khanna Srivastava, 2005). A. latus is in favour of sucrose (Grothe... 

Rhodococcus globerulus P6 Burkholderia cepacia LB 400 Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes KF 707 Pseudomonas sp. KKS 102 Sphingomonas paucimobilis SYK 6 Pseudomonas sp. CA 10 Escherichia coli C Escherichia coli Alcaligenes eutrophus IMP 222 Sphingomonas paucinwbilis SYK 6... 

Don RH, AJ Wightman, HH Knackmuss, KN Timmis (1985) Transposon mutagenesis and cloning analysis of the pathways of degradation of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and 3-chlorobenzoate in Alcaligenes eutrophus JMP134 (pJP4). J Bacterial 161 85-90. 

Engesser KH, E Schmidt, H-J Knackmuss (1980) Adaptation of Alcaligenes eutrophus B9 and Pseudomonas sp. B13 to 2-fluorobenzoate as growth substrate. Appl Environ Microbiol 39 68-73. 

Fukumori F, RP Hausinger (1993a) Alcaligenes eutrophus JMP 134 2,4-chlorophenoxyacetate monooxygenase is an a-ketoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase. J Bacterial 175 2083-2086. 

Spence EL, M Kawamukai, J Sanvoisin, H Braven, TDH Bugg (1996) Catechol dioxygenases from Escherichi coli (MhpB) and Alcaligenes eutrophus (MPCI) sequence analysis and biochemical properties of a third family of extradiol dioxygenases. J Bacteriol 178 5249-5256. 

The degradation of trichloroethene by Alcaligenes eutrophus JMP134 is carried out by either a chromosomal phenol-dependent pathway, or by the plasmid-borne 2,4-dichloro-phenoxyacetate pathway (Harker and Kim 1990). 

Ampe F, J-L Uribelarrea, GMF Aragao, ND Bindley (1997) Benzoate degradation via the ortho pathway in Alcaligenes eutrophus is perturbed by succinate. Appl Environ Microbiol 63 2765-2770. 

Bedard DL, ML Haberl, RJ May, MJ Brennan (1987) Evidence for novel mechanisms of polychlorinated biphenyl metabolism in Alcaligenes eutrophus H %50. Appl Environ Microbiol 53 1103-1112. 

Harker AR, Y Kim (1990) Trichloroethylene degradation by two independent aromatic-degrading pathways in Alcaligenes eutrophus JMP134. Appl Environ Microbiol 56 1179-1181. 

Hughes EJL, RC Bayly (1983) Control of catechol mera-cleavage pathway in Alcaligenes eutrophus. J Bacterial 154 1363-1370. 

The application of di-arene dihydrodiols has been noted in Part 1 of this chapter, and it is sufficient to note here the application of a mutant of Alcaligenes eutrophus strain B9 that is blocked in the degradation of benzoate (and some halogenated benzoates). This produced the cA-l,2-dihydrodiol (Reiner and Hegeman 1971), and has been used as the source of ring B for the synthesis of a range of tetracyclines (Charest et al. 2005). A range of substituted c -dihydrodiols has been produced, and it has been shown that for 3-substituted benzoates both 3- and 5-substituted cA-dihydrodiols were formed (Reineke et al. 1978). 

Reiner AM, GD Hegeman (1971) Metabolism of benzoic acid by bacteria. Accumulation of (-)-3,5-cyclo-hexadiene-l,2-diol-l-carboxylic acid by a mutant strain of Alcaligenes eutrophus. Biochemistry 10 2530-2536. 

Bedard DL, RE Wagner, Ml Brennan, ML Haberl, RJ May, JF Brown Jr (1987b) Extensive degradation of Arochlors and environmentally transformed polychlorinated biphenyls by Alcaligenes eutrophus H 850. Appl Environ Microbiol 53 1094-1102. 

A mutant strain of Alcaligenes eutrophus was used (Reiner and Hegeman 1971) to demonstrate that the initial step in the metabolism of 4-fluorobenzoate involves 1 2 dioxygenation to 4-fluoro-1,2-dihydrodihydroxybenzene-l-carboxylate. 4-Fluorobenzoate may be used for growth by several bacteria, and metabolites produced by a strain of Pseudomonas sp., which was also able to degrade... 

Ralstonia eutropha (Alcaligenes eutrophus) strain NH9 is able to degrade 3-chlorobenzene by the modified ortho pathway. The cbnA gene that encodes 3-chlorocatechol-l, 2-dioxygenase was introduced into rice plants (Oryza sativa -p.japonicd) under the control of a virus 35S promoter. 3-Chlorocatechol induced dioxygenase activity in the callus of the plants, and leaf tissues oxidized 3-chlorocatechol with the production of 2-chloromuconate... 

The recent synthesis of (—)-tetracycline by Myers and co-workers incorporates a biocatalytic step in the first stage which oxidizes benzoic acid aerobically to an a,f)-dihydroxy derivative in the presence of a whole-cell mutant strain of Alcaligenes eutrophus. Figure 4.61 shows a reduced tree diagram for the synthesis and Table 4.28 summarizes the metrics parameters. 

Alcaligenes eutrophus produces a massive amount of intracellular polyester (poly-3-hydroxybutyrate [PHB]), specifically as high as 70% of the cell weight. This bacterium was selected for porous-media plugging studies [1316]. 

Y. Li, I. C. Y. Yang, K. I. Lee, and T. F. Yen. Subsurface application of Alcaligenes eutrophus for plugging of porous media. In E. T. Premuzic and A. Woodhead, editors. Microbial enhancement of oil recovery recent advances Proceedings of the 1992 International Conference on Microbial Enhanced Oil Recovery, volume 39 of Developments in Petroleum Science, pages 65-77. Elsevier Science Ltd, 1993. 

Springael, D., Diels, L., Hooyberghs, L., Kreps, S., and Mergeay, M., Construction and characterization of heavy metal-resistant haloaromatic-degrading Alcaligenes eutrophus strains, Appl Environ Microbiol, 59 (1), 334-339, 1993. 

Byrom D (1990) Industrial production of copolymer from Alcaligenes eutrophus. In Dawes EA (ed) Novel biodegradable microbial polymers. Kluwer, Dordrecht, p 113... 

R. eutropha, formerly known as Alcaligenes eutrophus, has been used for the commercial production of P(3HB-co-3HV) [72]. This bacterium grows well in a relatively inexpensive minimal medium and accumulates a large amount of P(3HB) under the unbalanced growth condition. In R. eutropha, acetyl-CoA is converted to P(3HB) by three enzymes (genes) /J-ketothiolase (phaA), aceto-acetyl-CoA reductase (phaB), and PHA synthase (phaC) [6]. 

Lee SY, Choi J, Chang HN (1997) Process development and economic evaluation for the production of polyhydroxyalkanoates by Alcaligenes eutrophus. In Eggink G, Steinbuchel A, Poirier Y, Witholt B (eds) 1996 International Symposium on Bacterial Polyhydroxyalkanoates. NRC Research Press, Ottawa, p 127... 

PHA is produced in Alcaligenes eutrophus from acetyl CoA in three steps and the last step is the chain growth polymerization of hydroxyalkanoate CoA esters catalyzed by PHA polymerase (synthase), yielding PHA of high molecular weight. Kinetics and mechanism of the polymerization of hydroxyalkanoyl CoA monomers with this bacterial polymerase have been investigated. 

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