Microbial biodegradation

E. Dawes, ed.. Novel Biodegradable Microbial Polymers, NATO ASI Series E AppHed Sciences, Vol. 186, Kluwer Academic PubHshers, Dordrecht,... 

Anderson AJ, Haywood GW, Williams DR, Dawes EA (1990) In Dawes EA (ed) Novel biodegradable microbial polymers. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, p 119... 

These preceding examples are clear evidence of the new sophistication available in environmental microbiology that contribute more specific and quantitative information on the structure of biodegradative microbial communities. Such information will lead to additional experimental study on the degree to which specific chemical biodegradation can be controlled and enhanced (in terms of total population densities) as a means for increasing the relative rate of removal of specific hazardous chemicals fi om the environment. 

Wackett, L. P., and C. D. Hershberger. 2001. Biocatalysis and Biodegradation Microbial Transformation of Organic Compounds. ASM Press, Washington, DC. 

Biodegradation microbial degradation with pseudo first-order rate constant k = 0.1 yr1 in the water column and k = 1.0 yr-1 in the sediment (Furukawa et al. 1978 quoted, Neely 1981). 

Hydrolysis more stable in acidic than in alkaline media with t,/2 = 2.5 d at pH 9 and 25°C (Tomlin 1994). Biodegradation microbial degradation half-life are, t,/2(aerobic) = 21-25 d, t,/2(anaerobic) = 31-36 d in laboratory ... 

J. E. Clark (1990). Purification of polyphosphate glucokinase from Propionibacterium shermanii. In E. A. Dawes (Ed.), Novel Biodegradable Microbial Polymers, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, The Netherlands, pp. 213-221. 

Polyester is a general term referring to any polymer where the monomers are linked by ester bonds and includes the biodegradable microbially derived polyhydroxyalkanoates, which, as they are naturally produced, are beyond the scope of this article (for a review see Kim Rhee, 2003). Most synthetic polyesters in large-scale use are the aromatic poly(ethylene tetraphthalate) or poly(butylene tetraphthalate) polyesters as they have excellent material properties and are used in a wide range of applications including plastic containers, fibres for synthetic fabrics, films... 

Biodegradation microbial degradation t,/, = 10.5 d by microorganisms isolated from soil and waste water at 30°C (Kurane et al. 1977, quoted, Russell et al. 1985) ... 

Hangii UJ (1990) Pilot scale production of PHB with Alcaligenes lotus.. In Dawes EA (ed) Novel biodegradable microbial polymers. Kluwer Academic, The Netherlands, pp 65—70 Harland BE, Morris ER (1995) Phytate a good or a bad food component Nutr Res 15 733—754 Hartley CWS (1989) The oil palm, 3rd edn. Longman, Harlow... 

Ballistreri, A., Garozzo, D., Giuffrida, M., Montaudo, G., Microstructure of Bacterial Poly(j8-hydroxybut5n ate-co-j8-hydrox3rvalerate) by Fast Atom Bombardment Mass Spectrometry. Analysis of their Partial Degradation Products in Novel Biodegradable Microbial Polymers, E.A. Dawes (ed), Kluwer, 1990, pp. 49-64. 

Bombardment Mass Spectrometry Analysis of Their Partial Degradation Products, Novel Biodegradable Microbial Polymers, 49, 1990. 

Chen GQ, Koenig KH, Lafferty RM (1991) Production of poly-D(-)-3-hydroxybutyrate and poly-D(-)-3-hydroxyvalerate by strains of Alcaligenes latus. Antonie Van Leewenhoek 60 61-66 Chen GQ, Zhang G, Park SJ, Lee SY (2001) Industrial production of poly(hydroxybutyrate-co-hydroxyhexanoate). Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 57 50-55 Hanggi UJ (1990) Pilot scale production of PHB fifth. Alcaligenes latus. In Dawes ED (ed) Novel biodegradable microbial polymers. Kluwer, Dordrecht, pp 65-70 Hrabak O (1992) Industrial production of poly-)3-hydroxybutyrate. FEMS Microbiol Rev 103 251-256... 

PS is very resistant to biodegradation. Microbial degradation of PS proceeds at a slow rate. Photodegradation can increase the rate of biodegradation of PS, but it still remains very low and is rather difficult to determine. Polymer blends obtained by mixing PS with biodegradable components such as cellulose or starch demonstrate an increase in biodegradation rate [14-16]. 

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