Praziquantel Albendazole

Cysticercosis (pork tapeworm larval stage) Albendazole Praziquantel... 

Tapeworm infections (T. saginata and T. solium) are treated with praziquantel 5 to 10 mg/kg as a single dose (use the same dose for adults and pediatric patients).3 The treatment for cysticercosis and neurocysticercosis may include surgery, anticonvulsants (neurocysticercosis can cause seizures), and anthelmintic therapy. The anthelmintic therapy of choice is albendazole 400 mg twice daily for 8 to 30 days. The pediatric dose of albendazole is 15 mg/kg (maximum 800 mg) in two divided doses for 8 to 30 days. The doses for both adults and pediatric subjects can be repeated if necessary. Praziquantel is an alternative therapy.3... 

Pork tapeworm) Taenia solium Praziquantel,-Niclosamide, or Albendazole... 

Hydatid cysts Echinococcus granulosus Albendazole or Praziquantel... 

Agents used in the treatment of cestodal infections include praziquantel (see Section Vll.a.l), niclosamide and the benzimidazoles such as albendazole and mebendazole (see Section vn.b.l). Niclosamide and praziquantel are effective against Taenia solum (pork tapeworm). Taenia saginata (beef tapeworm). Taenia latum (fish tapeworm) and Hymenolepis nana (dwarf tapeworm). Praziquantel is a second choice drug after albendazole for cys-ticercosis caused by Taenia solum. Albendazole and mebendazole are alternatives. 

The interactions of GFJ with albendazole (128) and praziquantel (129) can be considered moderate and weak, respectively. GFJ increases the AUC of albendazole 3.1-fold and the Cmax 3.2-fold. A concomitant consumption should only be considered after a cautious risk and benefit assessment. Regarding the pharmacokinetic parameters, an interaction of GFJ with praziquantel seems unlikely to be clinically relevant (AUC increases 1.62-fold and Cmax increases 1.9-fold). 

Clonorchis sinensis (liver fluke) Opisthorchis species Praziquantel Albendazole... 

Albendazole is now the preferred drug, but when it is not appropriate or available, praziquantel has similar efficacy. Indications for praziquantel are similar to those for albendazole. The praziquantel dosage is 100 mg/kg/d in three divided doses for 1 day, then 50 mg/kg/d to complete a 2- to 4-week course. Clinical responses to therapy vary from dramatic improvements of seizures and other neurologic findings to no response and even progression of the disease. Praziquantel —but not albendazole—has diminished bioavailability when taken concurrently with a corticosteroid. Recommendations on use of both antihelminthics and corticosteroids in neurocysticercosis vary. 

In hydatid disease, praziquantel kills protoscoleces but does not affect the germinal membrane. Praziquantel is being evaluated as an adjunct with albendazole pre- and postsurgery. In addition to its direct action, praziquantel enhances the plasma concentration of albendazole. 

Dayan AD Albendazole, mebendazole and praziquantel. Review of non-clinical toxicity and pharmacokinetics. Acta Trop 2003 86 141. [PMID 12745134]... 

Matthaiou DK et al Albendazole versus praziquantel in the treatment of neurocysticercosis A meta-analysis of comparative trials. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2008 2 el94. 

Benzimidazoles (mebendazole or albendazole) have been the most used treatment, but a combination of albendazole plus praziquantel may be more effective than a benzimidazole on its own (Mohamed et at., 1998 Ayles et a/., 2002 El-On, 2003). As cimetidine increases benzimidazole serum concentrations it may enhance their activity (Bekhti and Pirotte, 1987 Wen et ai, 1994). Whilst for some patients chemotherapy is the sole treatment, even where there will be surgical intervention, treatment with benzimidazoles is recommended before surgery (Keshmiri et ai, 2001). A range of doses have been used for treatments of patients but 12-15 mg/kg/day over weeks or months may be best, although an emulsion... 

Juan, J.O., Lopez Chegne, N., Gargala, G. and Favennec, L. (2002) Comparative clinical studies of nitazoxanide, albendazole and praziquantel in the treatment of ascariasis, trichuriasis and hymenolepiasis in children from Peru. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 96, 1 93-1 96. 

Mohamed, A.E., Yasawy, M.l. and Al Karawi, M.A. (1998) Combined albendazole and praziquantel versus albendazole alone in the treatment of hydatid disease. Hepatogastroenterology 45, 1690-1694. 

M. Homeida, et al., Pharmacokinetic interactions between praziquantel and albendazole in Sudanese men. Ann. Trop. Med. Parasitol. 88 551-559, 1994. 

Increased risk of albendazole toxicity with praziquantel and dexamethasone... 

Chloroquine may decrease praziquantel levels Combination may increase albendazole levels... 

Hydatid disease is a common zoonosis caused by the larval cysts of Echinococcus granulosus. Hydatid cysts most commonly form in the liver, but can occur in any organ. The management and operative comphcations in 70 patients with hydatid disease aged 10-78 years have been studied retrospectively to assess the impact of albendazole and praziquantel compared with surgery (6). In all,... 

Used in the treatment of neurocysticercosis, albendazole (like praziquantel) can cause a CSF syndrome characterized by fever, headaches, meningism, and exacerbation of some or many of the neurological signs of the disease it is thought to be due to a local reaction to dying and dead larvae and can be attenuated by prednisone (SED-12, 707) (19,20). 

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