Alaska cedar

C. Heat Treatments. Several woods have been heated under wet and dry heating conditions to determine the effect heat has on the decay resistance of these woods. Alaska-cedar, Atlantic white-cedar, bald cypress, Douglas-fir, mahogany, redwood, white oak, Sitka spruce, and western redcedar were heated under dry conditions or wet conditions at temperatures of 80-180°C for varying lengths of time. Boyce (11) found that dry heat at 100°C or steam heat at 120°C for 20 minutes had no effect on the decay resistance. Similar results were observed by Scheffer and Eslyn (12) in soil-block tests with Lenzites trabea for the heated softwoods and Polyporus versicolor for the heated hardwoods. 

A useful method of effecting aromatization of certain sesquiterpenes has been reported, Thus, treatment of a selection of cadinane-type sesquiterpenes in an n-decane solution with excess trifluoroacetic acid at room temperature resulted in rapid conversion into calamenene (106). A careful study using n.m.r. and c.d. techniques has permitted the assignment of the absolute stereochemistry of the naturally occurring calamenenes. The major laevorotatory isomer from the leaf oil of Alaska cedar is (107) with a lesser amount of (— )-(108). In contrast, the major calamenene from Cade and Cupressus oils is (108), together with the enantiomer of (107) as a minor component. 

A few Cl5 tropolones, which may be considered as sesquiterpenoids (Sect. 8.1.3.3) are also known - for example, nootkatin (118) and chanootin (119) from heartwood of Chamaecyparis nootkatensis (Alaska-cedar) (140). 

Of the rearranged eudesmanes, eremophilanes (216) are most prolific ( 150 derivatives). The subject was reviewed in 1977 (314). Two stereochemical classes, 239 and 240, have been recognized in principle, these are related to the eudesmane (222) and intermedeane types (225), respectively. The first member of this class to be characterized was eremophilone (241), which occurs in the wood oil of the Australian tree Eremophila mitchelli, along with other related compounds. This was the first terpene structure not consistent with the isoprene rule and Robinson (327) invoked a 1,2-methyl shift from a eudesmane precursor to rationalize this structure. (-)-Eremoligenol (242) is a component of roots of Ligularia fischeri, while isovalencenic acid (243) has been isolated from vetiver oil. (-h)-Nootkatone (244) was first isolated from the heartwood of Alaska-cedar... 

Cankar, K., van Houwelingen, A, Goedbloed, M, Renirie, R., de Jong, R.M., Bouwmeester, H., Bosch, D, Sonke, T., and Beekwilder, J, (2014) Valencene oxidase CYP706M1 from Alaska cedar (Callitropsis nootkatensis). FEES Lett, 588, 1001-1007. 

The study of manoyl oxide derivatives i.e. 7 and 8 in, Fig (7), (i.e ent-hydroxy and en/-acetoxy-3(3-manoyl oxides) isolated from Cistus creticus, by GC-MS resulted in only one peak indicative of the purity of the products [33]. From the H-NMR data it is clear that the 13-epi isomer was present in both derivatives [58,139]. The chromatographic data of the compounds 7 and 8 were recently published [33,63]. Hence, investigations have proven that, apart from the 13-epi isomer, there are more isomers with varying intensities, which correspond to isomers that arise from the different configuration of C-8 chiral center [33]. This isomer showing a different configuration at C-8 has been isolated from the volatile leaf oil of Alaska (yellow) cedar and its structure has been confirmed using spectroscopic methods as well as chemical reactions [150],... 

Wood Species. The following types of conunercial lumber were obtained from Riverside Lumber Company in New Orleans, LA spruce, Picea sp, yellow birch, Betula alleghaniensis Britton, northern red oak, Quercus rubra L. redwood. Sequoia sempervirens (D. Don) mid Alaska yellow cedar, Chamaecyparis nootkatensis (D. Don). 

Termite Bioassays. Multiple choice tests were conducted using wood blocks of birch, red oak, redwood and Alaska yellow cedar where blocks were decayed by P. chrysosporium for either 3,8, or 12 wk. Bioassays were conducted using rectangular Rubbermaid storage containers (14.5 cm X 8.5 cm X 4 cm) (Consolidated Plastics, Twinsburg, Ohio). Each container served as a replicate and was filled with 100 g of sand (Standard Sand and Silica Company, Davenport, FL) moistened with 20 ml of water. Each container had four 2-cm diameter holes, one hole on each side. A 14 ml (17 x 100 mm) polystyrene round-bottom Falcon test tube (Becton Dickinson, Franklin Lakes, NJ) was inserted into each hole and sealed in place using a glue gun. The position of treatment tubes was alternated between replicates to preclude any positional effects. Two hundred termites (190 workers 10 soldiers) were placed in the center of each container. The termites were able to move freely between the container and the tubes. 

Weight Loss Due to Termite Feeding Wood consumption was greater on birch and red oak than on redwood or Alaska yellow cedar after 3 wk (Fig 1) and 8 wk (Fig 2) of decay. In the experiment where blocks were decayed for 12 wk before the feeding test was conducted, there was a significant interaction between the two factors, wood species and colony (Wood Species F = 44.9 df= 3, 80 P = 0.0001. Colony F = 3.9 df = 3, 80 P = 0.01. Wood Species Colony F = 4.4 df = 9, 80 P = 0,001). Therefore, the two factors could not be analyzed separately. However, the average wood consumption of birch was greater than that of the other three wood species overall (Fig 3a) and for each of the four termite colonies (Fig 3b). 

Alaska Yellow Cedar Experiment I (3 wk fungal decay) 0.0 0.0a... 

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