AISI 300 series

Carbon steels AISI series designations Nominal composition or ranged... 

Warshawsky, A. Modern research in ion exchange. In Ion Exchange. Science and Technology, NATO AISI Series Rodrigues, A.E., Ed. Martinus Nijhoff Publishers Boston, MA, 1986. 

Many initiators attack steels of the AISI 4300 series and the barrels of the intensifiers, which are usually of compound constmction to resist fatigue, have an inner liner of AISI 410 or austenitic stainless steel. The associated small bore pipework and fittings used to transfer the initiator to the sparger are usually made of cold worked austenitic stainless steel. The required pumping capacity varies considerably from one process to another, but an initiator flow rate 0.5 L / min is more than sufficient to supply a single injection point in a reactor nominally rated for 40 t/d of polyethylene. 

Steels iu the AISI 400 series contain a minimum of 11.5% chromium and usually not more than 2.5% of any other aHoyiag element these steels are either hardenable (martensitic) or nonhardenable, depending principally on chromium content. Whereas these steels resist oxidation up to temperatures as high as 1150°C, they are not particularly strong above 700°C. Steels iu the AISI 300 series contain a minimum of 16% chromium and 6% nickel the relative amounts of these elements are balanced to give an austenitic stmcture. These steels caimot be strengthened by heat treatment, but can be strain-hardened by cold work. 

AISI 321 and 347 are stainless steels that contain titanium and niobium iu order to stabilize the carbides (qv). These metals prevent iatergranular precipitation of carbides during service above 480°C, which can otherwise render the stainless steels susceptible to iatergranular corrosion. Grades such as AISI 316 and 317 contain 2—4% of molybdenum, which iacreases their creep—mpture strength appreciably. In the AISI 200 series, chromium—manganese austenitic stainless steels the nickel content is reduced iu comparison to the AISI 300 series. 

Ni, Pd)-Si-B powder, tape, RS foil AISI 300 series honeycomb stmctures. 

Materials Materials for hquefied-gas containers must be suitable for the temperatures, and they must not be brittle. Some carbon steels can be used down to —59°C (—75°F), and low-aUoy steels to —101°C (—150°F) and sometimes —129°C (—200°F). Below these temperatures austenitic stainless steel (AISI 300 series) and aluminum are the principal materials. 

Axial compressor blades are usually forged and milled. Precision casting has been used on occasion. The most common material used is a 12 chrome steel, in the AISI 400 series, and is also known as 400 series stainless steel. While the stator blades are occasionally shrouded, the rotor blades are free-standing. Lashing wires have been used on rotor blades, but are generally used to solve a blade vibrational stress problem. 

Most of the drilling equipment components are made from AISI 4,100 and 4,300 series of steel alloys that are heat treated to specific strength and hardness necessary to their particular operation conditions. 

Low-temperature p-hydrogen requires the use of materials that retain good ductility at low temperatures. Austenitic stainless steel (e.g. AISI 316L and 304L) or aluminum and aluminum alloys (Series 5000) are recommended. Polytetrafluor-oethylene (PTFE, Teflon) and 2-chloro-l,l,2-trifluoroethylene (Kel-F) can also be used. 

The distinction between martensitic steels and other steels is not sharp. Some ferritic stainless steels such as AISI 430 steel (UNS S4300) or the 3Cr 12 alloy (UNS S41003), can be partially martensitic. Conversely, low-carbon martensitic steels such as AISI 410S (UNS 41008) and 416 (UNS S41603) might substantially ferritic. The lower chromium alloy content steels such as AISI 500 series heat-resistant steels also have many characteristics of martensitic steels. 

Because of the many types of rolled and forged steel products used in industry, basic specifications are needed to designate the various types. The American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI) has set up a series of standards for steel products. However, even the relatively simple product descriptions provided by AISI and shown in Table 2 must be used carefully. For instance, the AISI 1020 carbon steel does not refer to all 0.20 percent carbon steels. AISI 1020 is part of the numerical designation system defining the chemical composition of certain standard steels used primarily in bar, wire, and some tubular steel products. The system almost never applies to sheets, strip, plates, or structural material. One reason is that the chemical composition ranges of standard steels are unnecessarily restrictive for many applications. 

This family of stainless accounts for the widest usage of all the stainless steels. These materials are nonmagnetic, have face-centered cubic structures, and possess mechanical properties similar to the mild steels, but with better formability. The AISI designation system identified the most common of these alloys with numbers beginning with 300 and resulted in the term 300 series stainless. Table 3 lists the chemical analyses of some standard austenitic stainless steels and compares them to a few materials from other families of materials. 

Martensitic chromium steels (AISI 400 series) contain no (or very little) nickel, and the chromium content is typically about 12%. These steels can undergo the a-Fe/7-Fe transition at about 1050 °C and so can be heat-treated for improved mechanical properties, much as can ordinary carbon steels. Since they have the a-Fe structure at ambient temperatures, they are ferromagnetic in ordinary service. Examples are type 410 (11.5-13.5% Cr), which is used for turbine blades, and type 416 (12-14% Cr with minor amounts of Se, Mo or Zr), which has good machinability. 

Nameplate(s) shall be of 24 U.S. Std. Gage (minimum) AISI 300 series stainless steel and shall be... 

Nickel has a very small effect on the anodic polarization behavior of iron, and hence, iron-nickel alloys are of minor significance as corrosion-resistant alloys. However, the addition of nickel to iron-chromium alloys (AISI 200 series) permits conversion of the latter as ferritic alloys to austenitic iron-chromium-nickel alloys (AISI 300 series). In... 

Stainless Steel. Austenitic stainless steels of the AISI 300 series are well suited for low temperature service by their strength and impact resistance properties. They are easy to weld, have a low heat conductivity and require no stress relief. Partially offsetting these factors is their higher cost. The commonly-used analyses of stainless steel are available in thin wall piping schedules 5S and lOS as well as in the normal schedules. Thinner walls are allowable for stainless steel because it is not subject to corrosion. All of its thickness is available for strength. 

The effect of H2S concentration on total corrosion of selected alloys in 1000 hr at 1800°F is illustrated in Fig. 2. A variety of different oxidation-corrosion behaviors were observed. Ferritic alloys, like AISI 446, generally showed increased corrosion rate with decreasing H2S concentration, whereas 300 series austenitics typified by AISI 310 generally exhibited maxima at both 0.1 and 1.0 v/o H2S. IN-800 had high corrosion only above 0.5 v/o H2S. Aluminized AISI 310 and IN-800, IN-671, and several high-chromium alloys did not indicate a strong dependence of H2S concentration in 1000 hr total corrosion. Cobalt-base alloys also generally performed as shown for the aluminized AISI 310 and IN-671 specimen. 

AUoy galvanic corrosion has been measured in alcohol fuel [27]. The corrosive effects of the alcohol fuels on different galvanic couples Zamak 5, low-carbon steel AISI 1010, stainless steel ABNT 420, and Al-Si alloy-4000 series were studied. Zamak was used as a permanent anode for these tests. Samples were immersion tested for three weeks at 50 °C. The alcohol fuel-water content was varied in this study and the corrosion product effect was investigated. Results indicated that higher ethanol fuel-water content was more corrosive regardless of the galvanic couples. 

The materials of construction of the conveyor bed depend on the product to be dried. Products that are destined for human consumption or that are corrosive typically require stainless steel construction. AISI 300 series stainless steels such as 304 or 316 are the most common types of stainless steel however, some AISI 400 series stainless steels such as 409 are also used. Other products are typically dried on carbon steel conveyor beds. As long as condensation on the bedplates is avoided when the dryer is not operated, a carbon steel conveyor bed can give the same service life as a stainless steel conveyor bed on noncorrosive products. 

Austenitic stainless steels only (AISI 200 and 300 series). Ferritic stainless steels only (AISI 400 series). Martensitic stainless steels only (AISI 400 series). Austenitic and martensitic stainless steels only. 

IRRAS can be extremely useful for studying in situ the corrosion and anticorrosion mechanisms [295]. For example, in order to understand high-temperature corrosion processes on AISI type 304 stainless steel, Guillamet et al. [284] measured the spectra by IRRAS of a steel plate exposed for 1 min to air at high temperatures. Comparison with the vlo bands of a series of oxides indicated that the main product is a-Fc203 (not Fc304, as suggested earlier for corrosion of... 

Figure 4.4.52. Series RL equivalent circuit used to represent the growth of a stress corrosion crack through AISI 4340 steel in 3% NaCl solution.

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