Air fresheners

Emulsions. Aerosol emulsions (qv) may be oil in water (o/w), such as shaving creams, or water in oil (w/o), such as air fresheners and pohshes. These aerosols consist of active ingredients, an aqueous or nonaqueous vehicle, a surfactant, and a propellant, and can be emitted as a foam or as a spray. 

Industry has standardized procedures for the quantitative sensory assessment of the perceived olfactory intensity of indoor malodors and their relationship to the deodorant efficacy of air freshener products. Synthetic malodors are used for these evaluation purposes. These malodors should be hedonicaHy associated to the "real" malodor, and must be readily available and of consistent odor quaUty. These malodors should be tested in various concentrations and be representative of intensities experienced under normal domestic conditions. 

Translating odor modifiers into consumer products results in forms, such as soHds, Hquids, and aerosols, for a market defined as products "for the nose." This includes products that cover up or eliminate odors, perfume the home, or cleanse the air. Such products thus defined were reported to have sales in 1992 of just under 2 biUion. The categories of this market can be broken out as traditional air fresheners, cat Utter products, aroma care, air purification, and disinfectant in both consumer and industrial appUcations. 

Perfumes, Flavors, Cosmetics, and Soap. Many naturally occurring esters in essential oils and some synthetic esters are important fragrance and flavor compounds (61,62). They are used in perfumes, flavors, cosmetics, soaps, detergents, and air fresheners. Benzyl, butyl, ethyl, methyl, and phenyl esters of benzoic acid are used as flavors, perfumes, and food preservatives. Glyceryl 4-aminobenzoate [136-44-7] and 2-ethyUiexyl 4-dimethylaminobenzoate [21245-02-3] are used in cosmetic sunscreen preparations. Alkyl esters of 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, called parabens, have been used under various names for fungus infections of the skin, and as preservatives in lotions and creams (101). Soap and cosmetic fragrances use large amounts of amyl and benzyl saHcylate. Benzyl saHcylate [118-58-1] is also used in deodorant sprays. 2-Ethylhexyl saHcylate [118-60-5] and 2-ethylhexyl 4-methoxycinnamate [5466-77-3] are used in sunscreen formulations (102). 

Nitrite compounds are often known as poppers because of the popping noise produced when the capsules containing them are crushed between the fingers. Both amyl nitrite and butyl nitrite are yellowish liquids that evaporate at room temperature. These compounds are distributed under variety of names and are contained in a range of products, such as air fresheners. Iso-amyl nitrite is also available in the United States by prescription. Currently, the primary indication for isoamyl nitrite is for the treatment of cyanide poi-... 

Paint thinner/removcr Air fresheners Dessert topping sprays ... 

You have undoubtedly used one of the common products of modem society, the aerosol spray can. We use these handy containers to deliver fine mists of many useful products. Do you need to keep your hair in place Use an aerosol spray can to apply mousse. Do you want to get rid of unpleasant room odors Spray the air with an aerosol air freshener. Has the paint worn off your favorite outdoor chair Touch it up using an aerosol paint can. These are just three of the many products that can be delivered using aerosol sprays. 

The highway police, the air quality monitoring services or the meteorological stations do not measure the levels of these compounds. Although no reports on the amounts of the above aromatics in the exhaust gases are available, experts assert that complete combustion of these compounds in an engine is impossible. The combustion products therefore pollute the air to a degree that makes the common CO and CO2 pleasant air fresheners. No catalytic converter will help. Rather, it will be poisoned prematurely. 

SAQ 1.7 The usual choice of propellant within an aerosol of air freshener is propane gas. What is the volume of propane following compression, if 1 dm3 of gaseous propane is compressed from a pressure of 1 atm to a pressure of 2.5 atm Assume the temperature is kept constant during the compression. 

The writing printed on the side of a can of air freshener contains much information. Firstly, it cites the usual sort of advertising prose, probably saying it s a better product... 

It is common for the can to contain a propellant in addition to the actual components of the air freshener mixture. Commonly, butane or propane are chosen for this purpose, although CFCs were the favoured choice in the recent past. 

Such a can is thrown away when it contains no more air freshener, although it certainly still contains much propellant. Incineration of the can leads to an increase in the kinetic energy of the remaining propellant molecules, causing them to move faster and faster. And as their kinetic energy increases, so the frequency with which they strike the internal walls of the can increases. The force of each collision also increases. In fact, we rediscover the ideal gas equation, Equation (1.13), and say that the pressure of the gas (in a constant-volume system) increases in proportion to any increase in its temperature. In consequence, we should not incinerate an old can of air freshener because the internal pressure of any residual propellant increases hugely and the can explodes. Also note the additional scope for injury afforded by propane s flammability. 

Dlchlorobenzene Deodorant, mold and mildew control. Air fresheners/deodorizeis, toilet bowl and waste can deodorizers, moth balls and mothflakes. 018 Inadequate data... 

Table 12.9-3 summarizes the results of the VOC removal and remediation tests conducted on the Prototype Unit. The results indicate that better than 75 % per pass reduction can be obtained for VOC level less than 50 ppm. At least 50 % reduction is obtained for concentrated VOC (> 50 ppm) airstream. The conversion rate depends on the VOC and its concentration. The Prototype Unit is very effective in removing odorous compounds such as Chinese incense and air freshener used in most Hong Kong household. 

Since 1932, The Quiggs have manufactured perfume compounds for cosmetics, toiletries, soaps, air fresheners, candles, detergents, and industrial cleaning products. 

Artificial musks are used in fragrances and perfumes, air fresheners and laundry powders. 

Uses Moth and bird repellent general insecticide, fumigant and germicide space odorant manufacture of 2,5-dichloroaniline and dyes pharmacy agriculture (fumigating soil) disinfectant, urinal deodorizer, air freshener, and chemical intermediate in the manufacture of 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene and polyphenylene sulfide. 

Few studies have reported toxicological effects of 1,4-dichlorobenzene in children. Campbell and Davidson (1970) reported a case of a 21-year-old woman eating 1-2 toilet air-freshener blocks per week while pregnant. The mother developed hematological aberrations (hypochromic, microcytic anemia. 

In addition, individuals using space deodorants (air fresheners), toilet block deodorants, or moth repellents (moth balls or crystal) containing 1,4-dichlorobenzene in their homes have the potential for high exposure to this compound (Scuderi 1986). Indoor air concentrations resulting from the use of these products in bathrooms and closets have been measured at levels up to 1.3 mg/m (0.22 ppm) (Scuderi 1986). 

C8H16O2, Mr 144.22, df 0.860-0.870, nf 1.401-1.407, a colorless liquid with a fruity-apple odor. It is used to create fruity top notes in perfumes for many purposes, e.g., for shampoos, fabric conditioners, detergents, air fresheners, and... 

Isobornyl acetate is used in large amounts for perfuming soap, bath products, and air fresheners. However, the major use of isobornyl acetate is as an intermediate in the production of camphor. 

---