Meteorological stations

The parameters about which the least is known are the diffusion parameters and Og, which govern diffusion transport of pollutants within a plume. These parameters are not monitored by meteorological stations and must always be approximated through indirect methods. Figure 4 illustrates the role each of these parameters has on the transport of airborne pollutants. 

WRPLOT is an interactive program tliat generates wind rose statistics and plots for selected meteorological stations for user-specified date and time ranges. A wind rose depicts die frequency of occurrence of winds in each of 16 direction sectors (north, nordi-northcast, nordieast, etc.) and six wind speed classes for a given location and time period. 

Fig. 2 Time-series of annual mean water temperature in the San Reservoir (Spain) and air temperature in the Ter River watershed. The series start in 1964, after the first filling of the reservoir. Annual means are based on monthly measures of the volume weighted mean temperature. Only years with at least 10 temperature profiles were included in the figure. The air temperatures are annual means for the whole Ter River watershed, calculated from data collected in several meteorological stations in the basin, and weighted according to their area of influence...

The highway police, the air quality monitoring services or the meteorological stations do not measure the levels of these compounds. Although no reports on the amounts of the above aromatics in the exhaust gases are available, experts assert that complete combustion of these compounds in an engine is impossible. The combustion products therefore pollute the air to a degree that makes the common CO and CO2 pleasant air fresheners. No catalytic converter will help. Rather, it will be poisoned prematurely. 

The sampling sites were chosen in order to investigate the spatial distribution of particulate pollutants in the valley. As an additional consideration, sites were selected to coincide with the major population centers in the valley in order to determine the concentration of respirable aerosols to which valley residents are exposed on a dally basis. Seven of the sampling sites were in the Owens Valley itself, and one site was in the Mono Lake area. Site 1 was located near the Bishop Airport at the National Weather Service Meteorological station. This site is about five miles east of downtown Bishop in the center of the... 

The monthly mean ozone from the Dobson time series (1957-1986) of Vigna di Valle (50 km apart from Rome) and from TOMS (Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer) satellite data (1979-1991) version 6 are assumed as climatological frames of reference for Rome and Ispra, respectively. Aerosol optical depths at 550 nm are estimated by means of sunphotometry. Data from the two meteorological stations of Rome and Milan airports are used to describe the atmospheric conditions. Standard vertical profiles of pressure, temperature, relative humidity and ozone density are selected. 

Fig. 9.3 Isotopic data of confined groundwater at Orapa, Botswana (O), average annual rain in neighboring meteorological stations (letters), and 45-km-distant lakes (A) and rivers (x). (From Mazor et al., 1977.)...

Meteorological stations measure and record the averages and provide a basis for climatic assessment. The climatic conditions of a particular area can be deduced from the general climatic data. These data are summarized in climatic charts, which are a key element in assessing the suitability of an area for fruit production. 

The discharge of the Amazon has been made by the U.S. Geological Survey during several months. Rainfall was measured in a large number of meteorological stations, and the evapotranspiration was calculated based on meteorological data obtained at the same stations. 

We built a complete, mobile meteorological station that could be dismanded and stored in the back of and on top of the new 1942 Buick station wagon. We used these instruments to measure local conditions at the beach, in a desert, on a site up the side of the mountain, and at various spots in the city. 

A barometer, whether built into the instrument or free standing, should periodically be checked for accuracy. Because the classic mercury-filled barometer has become a rarity in clinical laboratories, the most reliable reference is local P(Amb) as recorded by the nearest official meteorological station, obtained by a phone call or via the Internet, and corrected for any altitude difference. 

Mesonet A gridded array of meteorological stations with the average spacing of the stations less than 100 km. 

Above Flamel s tombstone, one of the few indisputable relics left of his historical reality. The upper portion shows carved representations of Christ, Saint Peter, and Saint Paul, and between them the symbols of gold (or the sun) and silver (or the moon), hut the inscription makes no mention of his alchemical achievements. Below the church of Saint acques -la-Boucherie where Flamel was huried. The church was demolished in the late ISth century, with only the tower, now used as a meteorological station, remaining. 

Fig. 9 Data from the mooting station installed in the strait connecting the western and the eastern basins in October, 2005, Survey 5(2). The current meter and the level gauge at the mooring station were deployed at the depth of 4 m, about 1.5 m above the bottom in the deep channel at the western outlet of the strait. The meteorological station was installed at the northern bank of the strait, some 3 km north of the mooring. From top to bottom atmospheric pressure relative humidity zonal and meridional wind stress components zonal and meridional components of the current velocity surface level anomaly as derived from the pressure gauge...

If some observations of ice conditions have been made recently at some coastal stations, they reside in local archives and are generally not available for public use. The meteorological station at Aktumsuk in the western Large Aral is now again in operation (Zavialov, personal communication). The Small Aral is actually experiencing a renaissance in conditions due to the sea level rise (see also [14]), and one could expect observations to be restarted. However, no new in situ infoimatirHi oti ice conditions of the Small and Large Aral is available. 

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