Agriculture dairy farming

Pressman, A. (2010). Dairy Farm Energy Efficiency. ATTRA. National Sustainable Agriculture Information Service, http //www.attra.ncat.org. (accessed 24.10.10). 

Stonehouse, P., Clark, E.A. Ogini, Y.A. (2001) Organic and conventional dairy farm comparisons in Ontario, Canada. Biological Agriculture and Horticulture, 19, 115-125. 

Halberg, N. Kristensen, I.S. (1997) Expected Crop Yield Loss when converting to Organic Dairy Farming in Denmark. Biological Agriculture and Horticulture, 14, 25-41. 

In a recent study of range cattle, the overall prevalence of serotype 0157 H7 from fecal samples was 1 % and this parameter was only 0.6% in animals that were on cow-calf pasture (Renter et al., 2003). New Zealand is a major cattle producing country that relies mostly on pasture feeding, but epidemiological evidence and cattle surveys suggested that the prevalence of E. coli 0157 H7 appears to be extremely low in that country (Cook, personal communication). Other researchers reported only two 0157-positive animals in a study that included 531 cattle in 55 dairy farms (Buncic and Avery, 1997). In studies conducted by New Zealand s Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, E. coli 0157 H7 was never detected from a total of 3000 bovine and 500 ovine carcasses (Cook, personal communication). Based on these reports, it is apparent that cattle fed pasture had a lower 0157 H7 prevalence, but further work is needed to determine if the effect is due to the pasture feed itself or to the physical separation of the animals. 

Research that compares N2O effects in agriculture of different farming systems is scarce. There is only one quantitative study available focusing on NOx emissions of dairy farms on a production unit scale (Lundstrom 1997). 

Nauta, W.J., Baars, T. and Bovenhuis, H. 2005. Genotype environment interactions for milk production traits between conventional and organic dairy farming in the Netherlands. Biological Agriculture and Horticulture 22 217-249. 

Vazquez, R.L, Stinner, B.R. and McCartney, D.A. 2003. Corn and weed residue decomposition in northeast Ohio organic and conventional dairy farms. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment 95(2-3) 559-565. 

Wisconsin Department of Agriculture, Trade and Consumer Protection (1989). Grade A Dairy Farm Well Water Quality Survey. 

Halbert next turned to the feed he was aware of the possibility of pesticide contamination, but early analysis ruled out the usual culprits --DDT, dieldrin and PCBs, all of which peak early in gas chromatographic analysis. At this point Halbert s dairy farm was at stake. Scientists at Michigan s Department of Agriculture also failed in their search for a chemical clue, so Halbert turned to the USDA s National Animal Disease Center at Ames, Iowa. Here the accidental failure to switch off the GC apparatus during a lunch break revealed a "Rocky Mountain Range" of late peaks. At this critical point the bureaucratic genius of the Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service called off the investigation for lack of... 

An estimated total of 1.4 million metric tons of milk is produced in Ethiopia from an estimated population of 4.6 million cows, 9.3 million goats, 3 million ewes and 0.15 million camels. On a national scale, the per capita milk consumption is estimated at 19 to 30 kg per annum. A recent survey undertaken by the Addis Ababa Agricultural Bureau shows that there are a total of 5,167 small, medium and large dairy farms in and around Addis Ababa city. The total milk production from these dairy farms amounts to 34,649,450 liters per annum. Of this, 73% is sold, 10% is left for household consumption, 9.4% goes... 

Klein, C.A.M. de and Ledgard, S.F. (2001) An analysis of environmental and economical implications of nil and restricted grazing systems designed to reduce nitrate leaching from New Zealand dairy farms. I. Nitrogen losses. New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research 22 201-215. 

Ebbesvik M and Loes A K (1994), Organic dairy production in Norway - feeding, health, fodder production, nutrient balance and economy - results from the 30-farm-project 1989-1992 , in Granstedt Aand Koistinen R, Converting to Organic Agriculture Seminar, Scandinavian Association of Agricultural Scientists, 93, 35 13. 

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