Grazing systems

The principle of this system is rotational grazing alternating with rest periods (Fig. 21.4). The grazing area is divided into equal-sized paddocks. Good access 

The use of a paddock system for horses, with rotational use and rest phases, mimics the habits observed in semi-feral nomadic equine populatiorrs. Groups tend to retirm to areas in a cycle of 10-21 days which allows for regrowth, and in 

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Parasite control in the sheep was achieved by a clean grazing system. Store lambs that were bought in from outside were invariably quarantined. 

I gave some examples of a positive effect of odour control on ammonia losses. There are more activities that can have an influence like housing system, manure treatment or grazing system. 

Box 7.1 An example from East Africa a well-balanced feed ration from improved pasture results from changing zero-grazing systems to grazing systems... 

Zero-grazing systems are often placed in urban or periurban areas, or in villages where land priority is a culture of cash crops and human food. Dairy cows are normally crossbred between local zebu or boran and exotic breeds like Holstein Friesian. 

Many current zero-grazing systems are urban or periurban, with no land for grazing. 

Because of the complexity of organic systems, they are each more likely to be almost unique, presenting even greater problems in making comparisons and generalising from a result on one farm to others. This has always been the case for site-specific livestock systems (for example, grazing systems) compared with, say, intensive poultry or pig systems, which may be very similar wherever they are. 

Klein, C.A.M. de and Ledgard, S.F. (2001) An analysis of environmental and economical implications of nil and restricted grazing systems designed to reduce nitrate leaching from New Zealand dairy farms. I. Nitrogen losses. New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research 22 201-215. 

Muller, C.J.C. and Botha, J.A. (1997) Production responses of lactating Jersey cows on two intensive grazing systems versus a zero-grazing system. 32" Congress of the Grassland Society of Southern Africa. 20 - 23 Jan 90. 

Grazing systems that allow selection by animals tend to cause the accumulation of mature herbage of low nutritive value. 

D. HaUiweU, J. Coventry, D. Nash, Inorganic monophosphate determination in overland flow from irrigated grazing systems, Int. J. Environ. Anal. Chem. 76 (2000) 77-87. 

Table 21.3 Suggested target range of sward heights for set stocked animals or post-grazing sward heights for animals kept on rotational grazing systems...

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