Agriculture, carbon sequestration

West TO, Marland G. A Synthesis of Carbon Sequestration, Carbon Emissions and Net Carbon Flux in Agriculture Comparing Tillage Practices in the United States. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment. 2002 91(l-3) 217-232. Doi 10.1016/ S0167-8809(01)00233-X... 

Etchevers JD, Prat C, Balbontin C, Bravoc M, Martinez M (2009) Influence of land use on carbon sequestration and erosion in Mexico, a review. In Lichtfouse E, Navarrete M, Debaeke P, Souchere V, Alberola C (eds) Sustainable agriculture. Springer, pp 87-96. DOI 10.1007/978-90-481-2666-8 8... 

Freibauer A, Mark DA, Rounsevellb PS, Verhagend J (2004) Carbon sequestration in the agricultural soils of Europe. Geoderma 122(1) 23... 

Carbon dioxide emissions from the agricultural sector in OECD countries are estimated at less than 1% of overall COj emissions (IPCC 2001). Net emissions of CO, from agriculture depend upon the direct and indirect use of fossil fuels, and on the amount of carbon sequestration in soil organic matter and crop growth (Shepherd et al. 2003). 

Rice, C. W. (2006). Introduction to special section on greenhouse gases and carbon sequestration in agriculture and forestry. J. Environ. Qual. 35,1338-1340. 

Silver, W. L., Ostertag, R., and Lugo, A. E. (2000). The potential for carbon sequestration through reforestation of abandoned tropical agricultural and pasture lands. Restoration Ecol. 8(4), 394 107. 

Waste disposal technology chemical nuclear mining agriculture animal residue carbon sequestration in situ remediation of contaminated media... 

As far as the use of compost is concerned, further environmental benefit is expected from a biowaste management system. The compost produced may be applied in agriculture as fertiliser or as a soil amender, having positive effects on, e.g., peat substitution, partial reduction of chemical fertilisers, carbon sequestration and the reduction of irrigation [23], (see Table 13.2). 

Madhu Khaima (voluntary approaches to pollution control, welfare analysis, policies for carbon sequestration). Department of Agricultural and Consumer Economics, Energy Biosciences Institute, Institute of Genomic Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana, IE... 

In addition to this direct way of carbon sequestration, evidence suggests that biochar can also have an indirect effect on GHG emissions from agricultural activities. This is due to its potential to reduce the need for primary inputs (water, fertilizer, etc.) and associated energy consumption, as well as reduced emissions of CH4 and N2O from cultivated soils (Karhua et al., 2011 Yanai et al., 2007). 

Due to the wide range of processing conditions (temperature and residence time) available and feedstock options (woody biomass, agricultural biomass, and diverse organic residues) that can be processed in slow pyrolysis units, the yield and properties of biochar can vary widely. This provides an opportunity to optimize the production to yield biochar with properties matching its application. In their research Ronsse et al. (2013) and Zhao et al. (2013) showed that certain biochar properties are primarily affected by processing conditions (eg, surface area, pH, carbon sequestration potential), while others are mainly feedstock-dependent (eg, content of total organic carbon. 

Pretty, J.N. and Ball, A. 2001. Agricultural Influences on Carbon Emissions and Sequestration A review of Evidence and the Emerging Trading Options. Centre for Environment and Society, University of Essex. 

Another method of sequestration is by planting trees. Many of the nations represented at the Kyoto Conference requested that this be a major part of the treaty. Much data suggests this method is only temporary. The trees grow and then decay. The carbon dioxide is only held up for a few centuries at the most and under most conditions for only 20 to 30 years. If some type of crop were grown, harvested, bundled with rocks and sunk in Deep Ocean, then this method could probably remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere with safety. This method of sequestration would be relatively permanent. This method would require a lot of cropland to make a meaningful impact. The mineral nutrients in the plant materials would be lost to the current biosphere. The side effects of soil depletion and poor use of agriculture land makes this method of sequestration a dreadful idea. 

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