Agricultural Implication

Gossypol is chemically reactive due to the reactivity of its carbonyl and phenolic hydroxyl groups as well as its bulky binaphthalene structure. Therefore, it has been the compound of greatest concern in cottonseed. 

During the cottonseed oil processing when the oil is removed from the cottonseed, some gossypol will also be extracted and remain in the oil, but it can be removed in the subsequent refining process, although some oil is lost. Meanwhile, some gossypol can react with other compounds in the 

A study on calves (Zelski et al., 1995) showed that a diet containing 33% CSM, in which the concentration of FG was 100-220 ppm, resulted in the death of 24 out of 57 calves, each between 7 and 15 weeks of age. It was believed the gossypol in CSM caused large volumes of serous fluid in the 

Microbial fermentation of CSM, which was proposed to detoxify FG in the CSM (Zhang et ah, 2006a,b), seems promising because some exoenzymes such as cellulolytic enzymes, amylase, protease, and lipolytic enzymes that are secreted by certain microorganisms, and some vitamins, as well as some unknown active substances are produced in the fermented CSM (Brock et ah, 1994), which adds nutritional value of the fermented CSM. Recently, Qian et ah (2008) reported that in situ alkaline-catalyzed transesterification could produce a CSM with FG and TG contents below the FAO standard. However, the requirement for a high amount of methanol usage in the in situ transesterification and the potential energy consumption to remove the methanol in the meal may be an obstacle for its practical application. 

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Gamer RJ, Morley F. 1967. Agricultural implications of a release of fission products from a criticality incident. Health Phys 13 465-475. 

It is impossible to discuss the effects of vitamin E on the health and wellbeing of ruminant animals without taking into consideration many other nutritional and environmental factors. These include the effects of the amount and nature of the dietary supply of fat, the presence in food of specific antagonists to vitamin E, the incidence of stress in the animals concerned, and the dietary concentration of selenium. The veterinary and agricultural implications of the discovery that selenium is an essential element (Schwarz and Foltz, 1957 Patterson et al., 1957), and that it is effective in the prevention of some of those syndromes in laboratory animals which can be prevented by giving vitamin E, were soon realized, and at the present time considerable work has been done and is in progress on these aspects. These are reviewed. 

The Ad Hoc Group took into consideration, and built upon, the earlier work at OECD which began in the mid-1980s. Initially, these OECD activities focused on the environmental and agricultural implications of field trials of transgenic organisms, hut this was soon followed by a consideration of their large-scale use and commercialisation. (A summary of this extensive body of work is found in Appendix I.)... 

Pimentel, D. Environmental and Social Implications of Waste in the U. S. Agriculture and Food System. /. Agricultural Ethics 1990, volJ(l), pp 5-20. 

The geographic nonuniformity of climatic anomalies has important implications for agricultural productivity since some compensation is implied. That is, during a given growing season, good weather and higher crop yields in one... 

Rosenberg, N. J. (1981). The increasing CO2 concentration in the atmosphere and its implications on agricultural productivity. I. Effects on photosynthesis, transpiration and water use efficiency. Climat. Change 3,265-279. 

The effect of water salinity on crop growth is largely of osmotic nature. Osmotic pressure is related to the total salt concentration rather than the concentration of individual ionic elements. Salinity is commonly expressed as the electric conductivity of the irrigation water. Salt concentration can be determined by Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) or by Electrical Conductivity (EC). Under a water scarcity condition, salt tolerance of agricultural crops will be the primordial parameter when the quality of irrigation water is implicated for the integrated water resources management [10]. 

Terrestrial ecosystems (plants and animals) under water scarcity suffer from water stress, and aquatic ecosystems of intermittency in water flow. Water scarcity has implications on hydrologic resources and systems coimectivity, as well as negative side-effects on biodiversity, water quality, and river ecosystem functioning. Finally, water scarcity has also direct impacts on citizens and economic sectors that use and depend on water, such as agriculture, tourism, industry, energy and transport. 

Cocking, E.C. (1986). Somatic hybridization implications for agriculture. In Biotechnology in Plant Science, eds. M. Z itland, P. Day A. Hollaender, pp. 101-13. London Academic Press. 

Natural pigment production for food coloration includes the entire spectrum of biotechnologies. For example, biological production of carotenoid pigments has medical implications because carotenoids are nutritive (pro-vitamin A), antioxidant, and photoprotective. Carotenoids are produced alternately in agricultural systems (plants), industrial bioreactors (bacterial and fungi), and marine systems (cyanobacteria and algae). 

Generation of data on the nutrient content of agricultural products and foods forms the basis for estimating nutrient intakes of populations via dietary surveys, nutritional labelling for consumer protection, nutrition education for consumer food choice, home and institution menu planning and food purchase, and for research in nutrient requirements and metabolism, toxicant chemical composition is used to assess effects of farm management practices, crop culture, and food processing on chemical content and implications for human health. 

Frederick H. Buttell, Socioeconomic Impacts and Social Implications of Reducing Pesticide and Agricultural Chemical Use in the United States. In The Pesticide Question, David Pimentel and Hugh Lehman, eds. New York Chapman and Hall, 1993, pp. 153-182. 

Latour X, Delorme S, Mirleau P, Lemanceau P (2009) Identification of traits implicated in the rhizosphere competence of fluorescent pseudomonads description of a strategy based on population and model strain studies. A review. In Lichtfouse E, Navarrete M, Debaeke P, Souchere V, Alberola C (eds) Sustainable agriculture. Springer, pp 285-296. DOI 10.1007/978-90-481-2666-8 19... 

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