Agglutination application

Absorption of antimicrobial agents, influencing factors, 15 Acidophilin, food preservative, 94,95t Agglutination application, 150 description, 149-150 American foulbrood control oxytetracycline, 36-45 sulfathiazole, 36,37f Amikacin, use in food animals, 19 Aminoglycoside detection, by... 

Other applications of QCM biosensors include real-time monitoring of the agglutination process of human hepatic normal cells (L-02) and hepatic cancer cells (Bel7402) on QCM electrode in the absence and presence of ConA and wheat germ agglutinin.70 This work demonstrated that the QCM measurement technique based on cell agglutination can be used for discriminating hepatic normal cells from hepatic cancer cells. 

Agglutination reactions have many applications in clinical medicine that can be used to type blood cells for transfusion, to identify bacterial cultures, and to detect the presence and relative amount of specific antibody in a patient s serum. For example agglutination of antibody-coated latex beads has become a popular commercial method for the rapid diagnosis of various conditions such as pregnancy and streptococcal infections. 

Turbidimetric Agglutination Immunoassays. Agglutination—precipitation immunoassays were among the first practical applications of the antigen—antibody reaction in diagnostic tests. These assays are not as widely used in the 1990s as EIA and FIA because they are either not quantitative enough or lack the sensitivity limits of RIA, EIA, and FIA. 

Percolation is widely observed in chemical systems. It is a process that can describe how small, branched molecules react to form polymers, ultimately leading to an extensive network connected by chemical bonds. Other applications of percolation theory include conductivity, diffusivity, and the critical behavior of sols and gels. In biological systems, the role of the connectivity of different elements is of great importance. Examples include self-assembly of tobacco mosaic virus, actin filaments, and flagella, lymphocyte patch and cap formation, precipitation and agglutination phenomena, and immune system function. 

Polystyrene latex particles, 0.2 p, in diameter, have recently been used as immunochemical markers for sceuining electron microscopyS. (SEM). But applications of such a reagent are limited because the lydrophobic surface of the polystyrene particles makes them stick nonspeciflcally to many surfaces and molecules. The same disadvantage applies to agglutination tests. Furthermore, reliance on weak adsorption forces to hold the antibodies on the particles is not always satisfactoryifi and chemical bonding of antibodies to polystyrene particles is virtually... 

Blood typing is one common application of the agglutination test.10 Human erythrocytes may possess either or both of epitopes A and B on their surfaces. Individuals possessing only epitope A have Anti-B in their serum, while individuals possessing only epitope B on their erythrocytes have circulating Anti-A. Some individuals have neither epitope, and both antibodies present, while others have both epitopes, and neither antibody. Table 5.2 lists the four major blood groupings, and the epitopes and antibodies present in their serum. 

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