African hair

Loussouarn, G. (2001). African hair growth parameters. Brit. J. Dermatol. 145, 294-297. 

African Hair Caucasian Hair Asian Hair... 

R. cajfra Sonder. From this S. African species Koepfli isolated three alkaloids (A) forming hair-like needles, m.p. 294-5°, (B) crystalline, but uncharacterised and rauwolfine, C20H26O3N2 2-5H2O, which forms buff-coloured tablets, decomposes at 235-8° (vac.), and dissolves in sodium hydroxide, though not in sodium carbonate solution. Rauwolfine chloride, C20H25O2N2CI. H2O, forms faintly pink plates, m.p. 297-300° or 300-3° (dry, dec.), + 29° (H2O) or + 45° (EtOH). 

Tinea capitis Infection of the head and scalp May be asymptomatic initially, then progress to inflammatory alopecia "Black dot" alopecia may develop due to breakage of hair at the root May form kerions (nodular swellings) Scaling or favus may develop on scalp Cervical lymphadenopathy is common Primarily found in infants, children, and young adolescents, often in African-American and Flispanic populations Can be spread from person to person or animal to person... 

Play said Jimi, I mean get creative. Playwork, you know. In this new salon I m rediscovering the sculpture of hair. There s a mask in the salon made by an African tribe called the Guro who consider hairdressers artists. And baby it s so good getting creative again, I feel so much more fulfilled. 

In our laboratory, we have investigated the possibility of racial bias with 315 African-American and 846 Caucasian subjects, involving a variety of procedures, including a comparison of self-reports, urinalysis, and hair analysis data (see below). To date we have found no statistically significant evidence for the existence of a racial bias. 

The specimens and survey data were collected from volunteers at the Pinellas County Jail. Twice a year 250-300 male and female arrestees were confidentially interviewed about their drug habits, and hair and urine specimens were collected at the booking stage of arrest. Data on 1245 arrestees have been published to date. Hair and urine samples were analyzed for cocaine, cannabinoids, opiates, amphetamines, and PCP. The sample is 71.5% Caucasian, 26.9% African-American, and 1.6% Hispanic or of other ethnic origin. 

Whether hair analysis was racially biased or not was also investigated in collaboration with Mieczkowski and Newel s group. In this study, which involved 315 African-American and 846 Caucasian arrestees, the frequency of cocaine use was determined from self-reports and positive urinalysis and hair analysis data. The results showed that all three measures of cocaine use indicate that the drug use in the African-American population was almost twice that of the Caucasian population the African/Caucasian ratio of drug use was found to be 1.71 by hair analysis, 2.17 by urinalysis, and 1.70 by self-reports. Thus, on the assumption that neither urinalysis nor self-reporting are racially biased, hair analysis, by providing the same relative positive rates for the African-American and Caucasian populations as urinalysis and self-reports, is also not racially biased. 

Other reactions include pruritus, which may be intolerable and is common in Africans, headaches, gastrointestinal disturbance, precipitation of acute intermittent porphyria in susceptible individuals, mental disturbances and interference with cardiac rhythm, the latter especially if the drug is given intravenously in high dose (it has a quinidine-like action). Long-term use is associated with reversible bleaching of the hair and pigmentation of the hard palate. 

Rio Hair Naturalizer System is a complex mixture of metallic salts and botanical extracts promoted to straighten curled hair. The product has been popular with African Americans in the USA. A survey of 464 individuals who had complained to the FDA about this remedy showed that 95% had experienced hair breakage and hair loss (177). Three-quarters of those who had hair loss had lost 40% or more regrowth took 8 months on average. 

Yagi H, El hindi AM, Khalil SI. Acute poisoning from hair dye. East African J1991 68 404-411. 

M3. Macdonald, I., and Warren, P. J., The copper content of the liver and hair of African children with Kwashiorkor. Brit. J. Nutr. 16, 593-596 (1961). 

Hair care products have traditionally been formulated for Caucasian hair. In 2003 African-Americans made up 13% of the U.S. population and accounted for 30%... 

African-American hair is tightly twisted with a large degree of curl. This hair tends to be dry due to the structure of the hair and its curly nature. In addition, some African-Americans like to wear their hair relaxed, a process that causes excessive damage to the hair fiber. Products that provide moisturization, frizz control, breakage reduction, and shine are most desirable for African-Americans. 

The term kwashiorkor refers to a disease originally seen in African children suffering from a protein deficiency. It is characterized by marked hypoalbuminemia, anemia, edema, pot belly, loss of hair, and other signs of tissue injury. The term marasmus is used for prolonged protein-calorie malnutrition, particularly in young children. 

Medullary cells are loosely packed, and during dehydration (formation), they leave a series of vacuoles along the fiber axis. Medullary cells are spherical and hollow inside and are bound together by a cell membrane complex type material (see Figure 1-43). Because the medulla is believed to contribute negligibly to the chemical and mechanical properties of human hair fibers [131] and is difficult to isolate [122,134], it has received comparatively little scientific attention. The chemical composition of medullary protein derived from African porcupine quill has been reported by Rogers [118] and is described in Chapter 2. 

Complete chemical analysis of the medulla of human hair fibers has not been reported. Studies of the medulla of human hair are complicated because it has poor solubility and is difficult to isolate. In fact, most of the experimental work on medulla has been on African porcupine quill, horse hair, or goat hair medulla rather than medulla of human hair fiber. Rogers [66] has described the amino acid composition of medullary protein isolated from porcupine quill, and his results are summarized in Table 2-7. 

African American males with pseudofolliculitis barbae or hair length may be related to the employee s religious beliefs. 

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