Pandemics, global

Tai CY, Escarpe PA, Sidwell RW, WiUiams MA, Lew W, Wu H, Kim CU, Mendel DB (1998) Characterization of human influenza virus variants selected in vitro in the presence of the neuraminidase inhibitor GS 4071, Antimicrob Agents Chemother 42 3234-3241 Thomson MM, Najera R (2005) Molecular epidemiology of HlV-1 variants in the global AIDS pandemic an update. AIDS Rev 7 210-224... 

Rita R. Colwell. Global Climate and Infectious Disease The Cholera Paradigm. Science. 274 (Dec. 20, 1996) 2025-2031. Source for cholera and six pandemics. 

Without an increased public health effort, the worst of the global pandemic will occur in the next decade before effective vaccines and microbicides are available. 

After a suspected case of the 1918 Spanish flu vims (which, in a global pandemic during World War I, affected half the world s population and killed almost 25 million people in 18 months) was identified in 1976, Congress passed the National Swine Flu Immunization Program, releasing manufacturers from the liability, so that a flu vaccine... 

Influenza develops in approximately 20% of the global population each year. The 1918 influenza killed 50 million people worldwide, when an avian flu was passed on to humans. Chemistry genius Robert Burns Woodward lost his father to the 1918 Spanish influenza pandemic when he was only two years old. The Asian influenza occurred in... 

Gostin, Lawrence O. 2004. Pandemic Influenza Public Health Preparedness for the Next Global Health Emergency. American Journal of Law, Medicine Ethics Winter 565-573. 

Alexander, J., R. Borgen, and K. McAnnany. 2004. The Role of the Powerful in the Global AIDS Pandemic The Collective Right to HtV/AIDS Treatment (unpublished) (on file with the author). 

Brook K. Baker is Professor of Law at Northeastern University, IL. He studied economics at Harvard College and Law at Northeastern University. He has consulted and published widely on access to medicines issues and the global AIDS pandemic, focusing in particular on intellectual property, free trade agreements, and multilateral and bilateral global health initiatives. He is policy advisor to Health Global Access Project. 

In the face of this global pandemic, a major effort was mobilized as early as the mid-1980s to find ways of controlling and treating this disease. While still no cure or even a treatment feasible for global imple-... 

It is reasonable to suggest that disasters are probably one of the greatest global threats to the existence of the human race. This proposition exists even before consideration is given to the increased threat of pandemics. To date, most disasters have been caused by natural phenomena such as drought, windstorms, and floods. For this reason, it is necessary to consider the impact of natural disasters on the world, as it is from this source that the greatest demand is placed on nursing internationally. 

Obesity is the number one nutritional problem in the developed world. It has been described as a pandemic of global epidemic proportions with some 300 million people affected world-wide (Organization 1998). 

TRIPS has been criticized by the anti-globalization movement regarding, for example, its consequences with regards to the AIDS pandemic in Africa. 

Figure 2. Global spread of the seventh pandemic of cholera.

Thousands of scientists were scrambling at the urging of global health authorities to destroy vials of a pandemic flu strain sent to laboratories in 18 countries as part of routine testing. The rush, urged by the World Health Organization, was sparked by a slim, but real, risk that the samples could spark a global flu epidemic. The vials of virus sent by a U.S. company went to nearly 5000 laboratories, mostly in the United States [87]. 

Cloete T E, Nevondo T S (2001). The Global Cholera Pandemic. Available http // www.scienceinafrica.co.za/2001/September/cholera.htm. 

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