Adult intelligence

Wechsler, D. (1997). Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Ill. San Antonio, TX The Psychological Corporation. 

Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) 12. Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC) X X... 

Digital Symbol Substitution Test. A subtest of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS), the Digital Symbol Substitution test measures sensory-motor integration and learning relationships of symbols. It has been used in many psychophar-macological studies. Subjects are given different forms of this test at each session. The test requires the patient to match as many of 100 symbols to their respective numerals, found in a code key, as possible within 60 seconds. 

Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale. The WAIS consists of 11 subtests six verbal tests and five performance tests. This provides an age-related IQ in adults from 16 to 75 years of age that is, the test measures intelligence of persons in relation to their age group and not to the entire population. It may be used either as an initial assessment or as a tool to measure change. The test, which takes 40 to 60 minutes to complete, provides 13 scores in verbal and performance categories plus a total score. 

I distinguish between theoretical and practical conclusions because theoretically we are interested in the degree of genetic influence on a latent trait or theoretical construct. Practically we may be interested in the heritability of a specific measure (e.g., IQ as measures by the Wechler Adult Intelligence Scale). An excellent discussion of measurement eror in psychological research can be found in Schmidt and Hunter (1996). 

Hamburg-Wechsler adult intelligence test (D. Wechsler, 1964) 60-90 minutes... 

Because the Mad Hatter in Alice in Wonderland exhibited some of the symptoms of erethism, he is sometimes held to be a model for the afflictions suffered by workers in the hat industry whether Lewis Carrol intended such a parallel is still disputed, but the resemblances are uncanny. Even in the absence of identifiable symptoms, psychological testing has revealed what could be called nascent erethism in workers exposed to mercury vapor but showing no overt signs of toxicity. Tests of coordination and reaction time reveal differences between exposed and unexposed workers. Performance on elements of adult intelligence tests, such as the ability to repeat strings of digits, also shows differences. 

FIG. 4. Overall life chances at different ranges of IQ. WAIS IQ, intelligence quotients obtained from the Weschler Adult Intelligence Scale (Weschler 1981) WPT, Wonderlic Personnel Test, Inc. (1992). Reproduced from Gottfredson (1997) with permission. 

Waller JH 1971 Achievement and social mobility relationships among IQ score, education, and occupation in two generations. Soc Biol 18 252—259 Weschler D 1981 WAIS-R manual Wechsler adult intelligence scale revised. Psychological Corporation, New York... 

BAS, British Ability Scales WAIS-R, Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale Revised. 

Karmiloff-Smith I would like to come back to the issue about whether it is possible to differentiate different phenotypes on the basis of psychometric tests. In my field we have to use psychometric tests because there is no other acceptable way of matching different phenot ypes. Take the Wechsler adult intelligence scale (WAIS) if you look at the pattern of scores on individual subtasks, we find different patterns for Down s syndrome, Williams syndrome and autism, for example, despite the same overall score. But non-standardized tests differentiate these phenotypes far better. 

Bouchard TJ Jr 1998 Genetic and environmental influences on adult intelligence and special mental abilities. Plum Biol 70 257-279... 

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