Adsorption ingestion

EXPOSURE ROUTES air water food inhalation skin adsorption ingestion eye and skin contact pesticide manufacturers, formulators, and applicators... 

EXPOSURE ROUTES digging in soils in areas where it has been applied occupational exposure in the manufacture and formulation workers applying the chemical eating contaminated food inhalation skin adsorption ingestion skin and eye contact... 

EXPOSURE ROUTES inhalation skin adsorption ingestion eye and skin contact eating contaminated foods, such as root and leafy vegetables, meat, fish, and poultry inhalation of contaminated air or drinking contaminated water near waste sites and landfills swallowing soil particles near waste sites or landfills... 

EXPOSURE ROUTES primarily inhalation skin adsorption ingestion disposal following industrial uses drinking contaminated water and eating contaminated fish or foods... 

Obviously, witliout exposure(s) tliere are no risks. To experience adverse effects, one must first come into contact witli tlie toxic agent(s). Exposures to chemicals can occur via inlialation of airfbreatliing), ingestion of water and food (eating and drinking), or adsorption tlnougli the skin. These are all pathways to the human body. 

Children sometimes put dirt in their mouths. Because the adsorption of 3,3 -dichlorobenzidine to soils and sediments may not be readily reversible (Boyd et al. 1984 Chimg and Boyd 1987 Sikka et al. 1978), the bioavailability of the compound is limited. A child who ingested contaminated dirt would be expected to incur less exposure as compared to that from other, more direct routes. 

Fluoride in minor concentrations is beneficial for animals and humans, bnt it becomes toxic when ingested in excessive amounts. Bar-Yosef et al. (1989) investigated adsorption kinetics and isotherms of K -montmorillonite and a series of soils (clay, 4-61% organic matter, 2-7%), as affected by solution pH. The flnoride... 

The final performance characteristic of any formulation, including SEDDS, is the effect produced physiologically in terms of the drug absorption. The extent of adsorption might be determined by the metabolism of the oil once ingested, the droplet size and charge and the resultant partition of the drug between the oil droplets and the excess of the aqueous phase. 

Poison B Less toxic liquids and solids that are hazardous either by contact with the body (skin adsorption) or by ingestion. 

Toxicity Parathion is highly toxic by all routes of exposure. Occurrences of human fatalities are due to ingestion, dermal adsorption, and inhalation of parathion. The acute oral LD50 for rats is 2.6 mg/kg, for mice 12.0 mg/kg, and for guinea pigs 10 mg/kg. The acute dermal LD50 for rats is 71 to 76 mg/kg.1,3 9 78,79... 

Adsorption the drug/particulate adsorbs to the phagocytic cell surface. This process may be facilitated by serum proteins knows as opsonins, which cover the particulate and promote adsorption and ingestion. The extent and pattern of opsonization depends highly on antigen surface characteristics such as charge and hydrophilicity. 

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