Adrenergic receptors disorders

SECTION 16 Urologic Disorders a-Adrenergic Receptor Agonists... 

Some failures will be due to the presence of variants in drug handling. Patients who are rapid acetylators of isoniazid have a slower antituberculous response than slow acetylators (Evans and Clarke, 1961). Asthmatics who do not respond well to (32-agonist bronchodilators may have fewer functioning p2-adrenergic receptors (Drysdale et al., 2000). Variations in the synthesis or structure of the serotonin transporter protein, which is involved in selective reuptake of serotonin by presynaptic neurons, may explain why some patients with depressive disorders respond to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and others do not (Steimer et al., 2001). 

Norepinephrine-Blocking Medications. There is some evidence that exaggerated norepinephrine activity plays a part in the affective instability, aggression, and impulsivity seen in a variety of psychiatric illnesses including the personality disorders. This may in fact explain why the TCAs, which tend to increase norepinephrine activity, have not proved helpful for BPD. Based on this theory, beta blockers, which interfere with norepinephrine activity at the beta-adrenergic receptor, may help in the treatment of impulsivity and aggression in those with BPD. 

Mechanism of Action Adibenzothiazepinederivativethat antagonizes dopamine, serotonin, histamine, and alpha,-adrenergic receptors. Therapeutic Effect Diminishes manifestations of psychotic disorders. Produces moderate sedation, few extrapyra-midal effects, and no anticholinergic effects. 

Decreased b-adrenergic receptor binding sites on lymphocytes in affective disorders... 

FIGURE 12-6. Postsynaptic alpha 2 adrenergic receptors are postulated to mediate cognitive effects of norepinephrine in the frontal cortex. Direct-acting alpha 2 agonists such as clonidine and guanfacine can be helpful in attention deficit disorder, perhaps because of actions at this site. 

Apart from causing very well known cardiotoxic effects, phenothiazine derivatives can accumulate in lung epithelial cell membranes and therefore cause severe respiratory disorders. In the study performed by Ito et al. [279] it was found that CPZ (9) inhibited transepithelial Cl transport, mainly due to two mechanisms influence on the beta-adrenergic receptor and inhibition of basolateral potassium channels. The authors of this study also suggested that the recorded effects could result from the electrostatic interactions between the drug molecules and negatively charged components of the inner leaflet of the plasma membrane. 

In the work by Forsatz and Snow, three APIs and one excipient were determined by HPLC-UV and HPLC-CAD .22 The APIs were mometasone furorate, a moderately potent glucocorticoid steroid used in the treatment of inflammatory skin disorders, albuterol, a short-acting /32-adrenergic receptor agonist used for the relief of bronchospasm in conditions such as asthma, and Loratadine, a drug used to treat allergies. The excipient evaluated was lactose. In this work, the signal-to-noise ratio was compared at 10 ng for each of the APIs. Sensitivity was comparable for both albuterol and loratadine when compared to HPLC-UV, while CAD offered... 

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