Adolescents pulmonary

The second study is only beginning and will attempt to correlate the effects of photochemical oxidants and cigarette-smoking in promoting chronic respiratory signs and symptoms in cohorts of adolescents and their families. Pulmonary function tests will be included. 

Etzel, R. A., Montana, E., Sorensen, W. G., Kullman, G. J., Allan, T. M., and Dearborn, D. G. (1998). Acute pulmonary hemorrhage in infants associated with exposure to Stachybotrys atra and other fungi. Arch. Pediutr. Adolesc. Med. 152, 757-762. 

Adults and adolescents with asthma Inhalation 0.12-4 ppm 40 min - 4 h No change in pulmonary function was noted in several studies of adult and adolescent, whether at rest or with intermittent exercise. Koenig et al. 1987 Koenig et al. 1985 Kleinman et al. 1983 Rubinstein et al. 1990 Vagaggini et al. 1996 Utell and Morrow 1989 Mohsenin 1987 Roger et al. 1990 Sackneret al. 1981 Linn and Hackney 1984... 

Acute effects of 0.12 ppm ozone or 0.12 ppm nitrogen dioxide on pulmonary function in healthy and asthmatic adolescents. Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. 132(3) 648-651. 

Koenig, J.Q., W.E.Pierson, and R.Frank 1980. Acute effects of inhaled sulfur dioxide plus sodium chloride droplet aerosol on pulmonary function in asthmatic adolescents. Environ. Res. 22 (1) 145-153. 

Tachypnea is a nonspecific sign of respiratory distress (Zaritsky, Nadkarni, Berg, Hickey, Schexnayder, 2001). Mild tachypnea, along with earlier and increased frequency of pulmonary involvement, was observed in children and adolescents exposed to mustard gas, probably due to the delicacy of the pediatric epithelial tissues (Momeni Aminjavaheri, 1994). 

Koenig, J.Q., W.E. Pierson, M. Horike, and R. Frank. 1982. Effects of inhaled sulfur dioxide (SO2) on pulmonary function in healthy adolescents Exposure to SO2 -t sodium chloride droplet aerosol during rest and exercise. Arch. Environ. Health. 37(l) 5-9. 

Numerous reports of elevated concentrations of lipid [57,58], protein [57,58] and DNA [54] oxidation products in CF patients have now been published. Importantly, oxidative stress is not present in all CF patients at all times. Oxidative stress, like the recurring infections, is probably cyclic. Importantly, antioxidant status tends to decrease with age in CF [58], hence older CF patients are particularly susceptible to renewed cycles of pulmonary inflammation. It is tempting to speculate that it is this oxidant/antioxidant imbalance that is responsible, in part, for their decline in lung function with advancing age. The reason for the fall in antioxidant status in CF is not clear, however decreased compliance in taking vitamin supplements may play a role. Alternatively, it is conceivable those repeated cycles of pulmonary inflammation, and associated oxidative stress, also contributes to the decline in antioxidant status. Whatever the exact cause, it is probable that the worsening antioxidant status of the CF adolescent contributes to their deteriorating clinical circumstances. 

There have been reports of non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema in three adolescent renal transplant recipients, one of whom died (4). 

Bamgbola FO, Del Rio M, Kaskel FJ, Flynn JT. Non-cardio-genic pulmonary edema during basiliximab induction in three adolescent renal transplant patients. Pediatr Transplant 2003 7(4) 315-20. 

Lewis S, Broadfield E, Fogarty A, Britton J The relationship of respiratory symptoms and lung function with intakes of apples and tomatoes. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2001 163 A40. Occhiuto JS, Saldiva SM, Dockery DW, Speizer FE Dietary vitamin C and pulmonary function in adolescents. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2001 163 A40. 

Both carmustine and lomustine can induce thrombocytopenia and leukopenia, leading to hemorrhage and massive infection. Acute (as well as potentially fatal delayed) pulmonary toxicity also is a risk. Pulmonary toxicity is dose-related, and individuals who received the drug in childhood or early adolescence are at higher risk for the delayed reaction. The grand mal seizures that are possible from the wafer formulation of carmustine appear to result from the wafer rather than from the nitrosourea. 

Sherrill D, Holberg CJ, Lebowitz MD. Differential rates of lung growth as measured longitudinally by pulmonary function in children and adolescents. Pediatr Pulmonol 1990 8 145-154. 

Zapletal A, Paul T, Samanek A. Pulmonary elasticity in children and adolescents. 1 Appl Physiol 1976 40 953-961. 

Many of the clinical studies into the mechanisms of pulmonary inflammation in cystic fibrosis have centered on determining the presence (or absence) of candidate mediators that may contribute to the pathogenesis of lung inflammation. Studies of both sputum specimens and BAL fluid obtained from adolescents and adults with cystic fibrosis have established that a plethora of pro-inflammatory mediators are present in airway surface liquid in patients with the disease. 

Kearon C, Viviani GR, Kirkley A, et aL FacUns determining pulmonary function in adolescent idiopathic thoracic scoliosis. Am Rev Respir Dis 1993 148 288—294. 

Targeted high-risk children and adolescents Asthma and other chronic pulmonary diseases Hemodynamically significant cardiac disease Immunosuppressive disorders and therapy Infection with human immunodeficiency virus Sickle cell anemia and other hemoglohinopathies... 

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