Adhesion and biofilm

Verstrepen KJ, Klis FM, Flocculation, adhesion and biofilm formation in yeasts, Mol Microbiol 60 5-15, 2006. 

Cheng G, Zhang Z, Chen SF et al. (2007) Inhibition of bacterial adhesion and biofilm formation on zwitterionic surfaces. Biomaterials 28 4192-4199... 

Capsular and extracellular polysaccharides are involved in several aspects of cellular behavior that are tied to bacterial survival and virulence [321]. The capsule layer provides a physical barrier that prevents the bacteria from drying out, aiding in survival outside a host. CPS are also involved in colonization and biofilm formation. In some bacteria CPS promote adherence to surfaces, aiding colonization and biofilm formation, while CPS in other bacteria inhibit adhesion and biofilm formation [344]. 

Mack D, Bartscht K, Dobinsky S, Horstkotte MA, Kiel K, Knobloch JKM, Schafer P (2000) Staphylococcal factors involved in adhesion and biofilm formation on biomaterials. In An YH, Friedman RJ (eds.) Handbook for studying bacterial adhesion principles, methods, and applications. Humana Press, Totowa, N J, chap 20, p 307... 

Monitoring microbial adhesion and biofilm formation by attenuated total... 

CgsA subunit E. col i Surface adhesion and biofilm formation Curli Chapman et al. 2002 Gebbink et til. 2005... 

Overall, it appears that the effects of electric fields on detachment, adhesion, and biofilm formation on electrodes are a result from electric current exchanged rather than the electric potential applied (Fig. 18.1b). 

The modification of polymers and fibrous surfaces to alter the porosity, wettability and other characteristics of polymeric substrates, will enable the prodnction of implants and biomedical devices which exhibit greater resistance to microbial adhesion and biofilm formation. A nnmber of polymers have been developed that can be incorporated into cellulose and other materials, which will provide significant advances in many fields snch as food packaging, textiles, wound dressings, coating of catheter tnbes and sterile surfaces. 

Recently, new classes of synthetic and natural polymers such as zwitterionic polymers [215-221], peptoids [222], carbohydrate and glycerol derivatives [223-225], and poly-L-lysine-graft-dextran [226] have anerged as candidate materials for the development of non-PEG protein-resistant surfaces. For example, Jiang and coworkers danonstrated that zwitterionic materials such as poly(sulfobetaine methacrylate) were not only highly resistant to nonspecific protein adsorption [227-230] but also able to significantly decrease bacterial adhesion and biofilm formation [231]. 

B.L. Blainey and K.C. Marshall. The use of block copolymers to inhibit bacterial adhesion and biofilm formation on hydrophobic surfaces in marine habitat. Biofouling 4 309-318 (1990). 

Joseph, C. M. L., Kumar, G., Su, E., Bisson, L. F. (2007). Adhesion and biofilm production by wine isolates of Brettanomyces bruxellensis. American Journal of Etiology Viticulture, 58, 373-378. 

Gu, H., Ren, D. (2014). Materials and surface engineering to control bacterial adhesion and biofilm a review of recent advances. Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering, 8, 20-33. 

In the introductory part of this chapter, it is mentioned that in various systems and applications, bioadhesion is an unwanted phenomenon. Different strategies may be taken to prevent or suppress (microbial) cell adhesion and biofilm formation. Coating the surface with antimicrobial agents such as silver nanoparticles may have some effect. However, the hazard of release of such toxic particles in the body, product, or enviromnent puts severe restrictions on their use. Furthermore, prophylactic supply of antibiotics to treat biomaterials associated infections is in most cases highly unsuccessful, because in biofilms bacteria tend to be resistant against antibiotics. 

Dheilly A, Linossier I, Darchen A, Hadjiev D, Corbel C, Alonso V. Monitoring of microbial adhesion and biofilm growth using eleclrochemical impedancemetry. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2008 79(1) 157-164. 

Because of the significant impact of biomaterial-indnced infections and the loss of efficacy of antibiotic-based conventional therapies, it is imperative that new strategies against bacterial adhesion and biofilm formation on biomaterial snrfaces are found. Antibacterial or anti-infection polynrethane biomaterials have been rapidly developed, similar to the most current infection-resistant biomaterial technologies, and their potential in... 

Xn L-C, Siedlecki CA. Submicron-textuied biomaterial surface reduces staphylococcal bacterial adhesion and biofilm formation. Acta Biomater 2012 8 72-81. http //dx.doi.org/10.1016/j. actbio.2011.08.009. 

Garret TR, Bhakoo M, Zhang Z. Bacterial adhesion and biofilms on surfaces. Prog Nat Sci. 2008 18 1049-56. 

Plasma-Deposited Membranes for Controlled Release of Antibiotic to Prevent Bacterial Adhesion and Biofilm Formation. Journal of Biomedical Materials Research, Vol. 50, No. 2, (February 2000), pp. (160-170), ISSN1552-4%5 Hirst, A.R., Escuder, B., Mravet, J.F. Smith, D.K (2008). High-Tech Applications of Self-Assembling Supramolecular Nanostructured Gel-Phase Materials From... 

These observations show that depending on silver ion availability at surfaces of medical devices, adhesion and biofilm growth may be prevented or at least delayed, which may be beneficial, for example, for catheterized patients. A recently published meta-analysis of the effectiveness of silver-coated urinary tract catheters indicated a significant benefit in patients receiving silver-coated catheters silver alloy catheters were significantly more effective in preventing urinary tract infections than were silver oxide catheters (Saint et al., 1998). 

Factors that favor adhesion and biofilm formation include ... 

Nutrients. The amount of dissolved nutrients in the concentration polarization layer on the membrane can directly affect the tenancy for adhesion and biofilm formation. 

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