Additional Procedures

Note Additional procedural information plus interferences and general remarks will be found in J. A. Dean, ed.. Analytical... 

It is possible to regard radicofunctional nomenclature, in which the functional class narrie of a compound (c.g. alcohol, ketone, etc.) is cited after the names of the attached radicals, as involving an additive procedure (example 146). This type of nomenclature is gradually falling out of use in favor of the substitutive equivalent [for 146 the substitutive name would be l-(3-pyridyl)propan-l-one]. 

Incident Investigation Previous incidents related to the chemicals or equipment involved in the new toll should be considered during the PHA and must be considered if subject to PSM/RMP compliance. In addition, procedures should be in place to describe how the client will be informed and involved in the investigation. It is veiy important to ensure that action plans addressing the root cause of past incidents were implemented. 

Compare what you do now with the requirements of ISO/TS 16949 and identify additional procedures and changes to your existing procedures. 

Your corrective action procedures need to cover the collection and analysis of product nonconformity reports and the collection and analysis of process data to reveal process nonconformities. The corrective action provisions of your internal audit procedure need to address the causes of the nonconformities and you will need an additional procedure to deal with external audits, investigating the cause of any nonconformities and recording the results. The procedure also needs to cover the investigation of customer complaints as the previous requirement only deals with the handling of complaints. 

Procedures Do Not Correspond to the Way the Job Is Actually Done. Procedures are often developed when a system is first commissioned and are seldom revised to take into account changes in the hardware or the operating regime. In addition, procedures are often not written on the basis of a systematic analysis of the task as perceived by the workers or other personnel who have to use them. The remedy for this is to make sure that individuals who are going to use procedures are actively involved in their development. In addition, effective updating and auditing systems need to be in place to ensure that procedures are correct, and available to the persons who need them. 

Reversal of the addition procedure results in formation of cinnamalazine as a major product. 

The result may be checked by adding four successive portions (2mL) of standard solution C to the test solution of which the e.m.f. has already been determined, and measuring the e.m.f. after each addition the calculation for this standard addition procedure is as described above. 

Before dealing with the experimental details of A AS or FES determinations it is necessary to consider the mode of treatment of the experimental data obtained. To convert the measured absorption values into the concentration of the substance being determined it is necessary either to make use of a calibration curve, or to carry out the standard addition procedure. 

A 11011-addition procedure based on a tandem retroaldol/epoxide-opening/cycli-zation sequence has been utilized for the elaboration of the dihydrofuran ring of the reduced furanochroman subunit of phomactin A. The strategy utilizes the O-TBS-protected 3-epoxy-(3 -hydroxy ketone 201. Cleavage with TBAF starts the retro-... 

Gresh N, Claverie P, Pullman A (1984) Theoretical studies of molecular conformation. Derivation of an additive procedure for the computation of intramolecular interaction energies. Comparison with ab initio SCF computations. Theor Chim 66(l) l-20... 

Gresh N, Claverie P, Pullman A (1982) Computations of intermolecular interactions Expansion of a charge-transfer energy contribution in the framework of an additive procedure. Applications to hydrogen-bonded systems. Int J Quant Chem 22 199... 

Scheme 3.34. Intermolecular domino radical addition procedure for the synthesis of silyl-protected allylic alcohols.

Scheme 3.36. Enantioselective intermolecular domino radical addition procedure.

Salgado Ordonez et al. [28] used di-2-pyridylketone 2-furoyl-hydrazone as a reagent for the fluorometric determination of down to 0.2 pg aluminium in seawater. A buffer solution at pH 6.3, and 1 ml of the reagent solution were added to the samples containing between 0.25 to 2.50 pg aluminium. Fluorescence was measured at 465 nm, and the aluminium in the sample determined either from a calibration graph prepared under the same conditions or a standard addition procedure. Aluminium could be determined in the 10-100 pg/1 range. The method was satisfactorily applied to spiked and natural seawater samples. 

Carr [562] has studied the effects of salinity on the determination of strontium in seawater by atomic absorption spectrometry using an air-acetylene flame. Using solutions containing 7.5 mg/1 strontium and between 5 and 14% sodium chloride, he demonstrated a decrease in absorption with increasing sodium chloride concentration. To overcome this effect a standard additions procedure is recommended. 

This analytical method, based on TXRF, enables a large number of trace elements to be determined simultaneously. The range is suitable for different areas of the sea. The motivation to use TXRF resulted mainly from the characteristic features of the method its high detection power, its universal calibration curve, which eliminates the need for matrix-dependent standard samples or standard-addition procedures, the simple preparation of the sample films, and of course the possibility of multielement determination. 

Information Central staff are not permitted to answer inquiries about the technical content of this code or standard. Information as to whether or not technical inquiries are issued to this code or standard is shown on the copyright page. All technical inquiries must be submitted in writing to the staff secretary. Additional procedures for inquiries may be listed within. 

We now consider the reverse addition procedure used by us, involving a fast addition of monomer to the initiator solution, and contrast if both with the direct addition just described and with the very slow reverse addition described earlier which produces the quiescent mixtures. When the monomer is added fast to an A1X3 solution, it encounters both A1X2+ ions and A1X3 molecules. In contrast to the slow addition experiments, the monomer is consumed by the very fast polymerisation before it can complex with the... 

The standard addition procedure is another method for recognising and overcoming potential matrix effects in quantification. Both alternatives, FIA—MS or FIA—MS—MS, can be performed using this procedure. Despite the increased expenditure because of a multiplication in analyses, the FIA approach combined with standard addition remains the faster technique even with the application of specific analytical MS—MS techniques such as product-, parent- or neutral loss scans applying selected reaction monitoring (SRM). The greatest drawback of this technique is that the compounds to be quantified must... 

The alternative to FIA—MS performed in the standard addition mode is the quantification in FIA—MS—MS mode combined with a standard addition procedure. Here, the analytical specificity and the approach of a rapid analysis is combined, however, analysis time is expanded by a factor of 4.5 compared with FIA-MS. 

Cycloalkenones are ubiquitous as reactive intermediates and bioactive materials. Modification of a simple cycloalkenone by addition of a carbon substituent at the o-position should be a useful transformation, but one that is not readily accomplished by conventional enone chemistry. a-Substituted cycloalkenones could of themselves be of interest, but perhaps, of more general importance would be their use as intermediates for the production of substituted cycloalkanones or a, 5-disubstituted cycloalkanones by a subsequent conjugate addition procedure.2 These strategies avoid many of the limitations attendant to the trapping of enolates with carbon electrophiles. The method of Kim involving treatment of enones with the combination of a dimethyl acetal, pyridine and trimethylsilyl triflates results in a-(1-methoxyalkyljenones.3 The metallation of a-bromoenones masked as ketals for [Pg.184]

The Morgan algorithm 5> is a device used by the Chemical Abstracts Service for assigning indices to the nodes of constitutional formulas whose H-atoms have been omitted, i. e. their reduced graphs. If the indices of all atoms are needed, e.g. for the representation of stereochemistry, an additional procedure is needed for establishing those for the H-atoms. Constitutional symmetry is not indicated directly by Morgan indices. 

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