Solid-state actuators

Guckel, H., Klein, J., Christenson, T., Skrobis, K., Laudon, M. and Lovell, E.G. (1992) Thermo-Magnetic Metal Flexure Actuators , Solid State Sensors and Actuators Workshop, Hilton Head Island 73-5. 

The usual type of glass paddle stirrer is also widely used in conjunction with an electric motor fitted with either a transformer-type, or a solid-state, speed controller. The stirrer may be either connected directly to the motor shaft or to a spindle actuated by a gear box which forms an integral part of the motor housing by these means, wide variation in stirrer speed can be achieved. 

Lin Q, Jiang F, Wang X-Q, Han Z, Tai Y-C, Lew J, Ho C-M (2000) MEMS Thermal Shear-Stress Sensors Experiments, Theory and Modehng, Technical Digest, Solid State Sensors and Actuators Workshop, Hilton Head, SC, 4—8 June 2000, pp 304-307 Lin TY, Yang CY (2007) An experimental investigation of forced convection heat transfer performance in micro-tubes by the method of hquid crystal thermography. Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer 50 4736-4742... 

Dubois, P., Rosset, S., Koster, S., Bufom, J.M., Stauffer, J., Mikhailov, S., Dadras, M., Rooij, Nico- F. de., and Shea, H., Microactuators based on ion-implanted dielectric electroactive polymer membranes (EAP), Presented at 13th International Conference on Solid-State Sensors, Actuators and Microsystems, Seoul, Korea, June 5-9, 2005, 2048. 

Pace, S. J., Sarzycki, P. O., McKeever, R. T., Pelosi, L. Digest of Technical Papers, 3rd International Conference on Solid-State Sensors and Actuators, p. 4(, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, June 11-14, 1985... 

Four different types of tasks are performed by automation. Two involve the sequencing of valves and pumps Involved 1n the setup and completion of the designed experiment through the operation of the test and hydraulic fluid systems. The other tasks involve the control of the temperature bath and data collection. To perform these tasks, a1r-actuated solenoids and optically coupled sol Id-state relays are used. These devices are controlled by an electrical circuit consisting of the device connected 1n series with a power supply and a channel on the actuator card In the HP 3497. The power supply 1s either 24 VDC for use with the solenoids or 5 VDC for the solid-state relays. The actuator output channel acts as a simple on/off switch which allows power to be supplied to the solenoid or relay when closed. The logic of the circuit 1s controlled by application programs running on the local HP 1000. 

Lichlyter D, Haidekker MA (2009) Immobilization techniques for molecular rotors -towards a solid-state viscosity sensor platform. Sens Actuators B Chem 139 648-656... 

Vaivars G., Kleperis J., Zubkans J., Vitins G., Liberts G., Lusis A., Application of sol-gel and laser evaporation methods to obtain thin gas sensitive films, Proc. 8th International Conference on Solid-State Sensors and Actuators and Eurosensors IX, 1995, pp. 870-873. 

H.J. Yoon, J.H. Shin, S.D. Ixe, H. Nam, G.S. Cha, T.D. Strong, and R.B. Brown, Solid-state ion sensors with a liquid junction-free polymer membrane-based reference electrode for blood analysis. Sens. Actuators B. 64, 8-14 (2000). 

G. Valdes-Ramirez, G.A. Alvarez-Romero, C.A. Galan-Vidal, P.R. Hernandez-Rodrguez, and M.T. Ramrez-Silva, Composites a novel alternative to construct solid state Ag/AgCl reference electrodes. Sens. Actuators B. 110, 264-270 (2005). 

S. Martin, J. Ha, J. Kim, T. Strong, G. Cha, and R. Brown, ISE arrays with improved dynamic response and lifetime, in Tech. Digest of the Solid-State Sensor, Actuator, and Microsystems Workshop, pp. 396-399. Hilton Head, SC (2004). 

J.E. Zachara, R. Toczylowska, R. Pokrop, M. Zagorska, A. Dybko, and W. Wroblewski, Miniaturised all-solid-state potentiometric ion sensors based on PVC-membranes containing conducting polymers. Sens. Actuators B. 101, 207-212 (2004). 

S. F. Chuang, S. D. Collins and R. L. Smith, The Technical Digest of the Solid State Sensor and Actuator Workshop, Hilton Head Island, SC, June 6-9, IEEE, New York, 1988, p.151. 

A. Gotz, 1. Gricia, C. Cane, E. Lora-Tamayo, M.C. HorrUlo, J. Getino, C. Garcia, and J. Gutierrez. A micromachined solid state integrated gas sensor for the detection of aromatic hydrocarbons . Sensors and Actuators B44 (1997), 483-487. 

Schaevitz, S. B. Franz, A. J. Jensen, K. F. Schmidt, M. A. The 11th International Conference on Solid-State Sensors and Actuators, Munich, Germany, 2001 pp 30—33. 

B.H. van den SCHOOT and P. BERGVELD, in Proc. Transducers 87, The fourth International Conference on Solid-State Sensors and Actuators, Tokyo, June 2-5 (1988), Institute of Electrical Engineering of Japan, p. 719. 

Lvova, L., Legin, A., Vlasov, Y., Cha, G. S., and Nam, H. (2003). Multicomponent analysis of Korean green tea by means of disposable all-solid-state potentiometric electronic tongue microsystem. Sens. Actuators B 95(1-3), 391-399. 

K. Toko, K. Hayashi, S. Iiyama and K. Yamafuji, 4th Int. Conf. on Solid-State Sensors and Actuators, (Transducers 87), Tokyo, 1987, Digest of Technical Papers, p.793. 

International Symposium on Solid State Transducers, Materials Research Society, Boston, November, 1981 also published as Volume 3> Sensors and Actuators. 

Coin, M. C. Senturia, S. D. "The Application of Linear System Theory to Parametric Micro sensors", Proc. Third Int l Conf on Solid-State Sensors and Actuators, Philadelphia, June 1985 (in press). 

P. Gimmel, K.D. Schierbaum, W. Gopel, H.H. van den Vlekkert and N.F. de Rooij, Microstructured solid-state ion-sensitive membranes by thermal oxidation of Ta, Sens. Actuators B Chern., 1(1-6) (1990) 345-349. 

W. Moritz, T. Yoshinobu, F. Finger, S. Krause, M. Martin-Fernandez and M.J. Schoning, High resolution LAPS using amorphous silicon as the semiconductor material, Sens. Actuators B Chem., 103 (2004) 436—441. J.C. van den Heuvel, R.C. van Oort and M.J. Geerts, Diffusion length measurements of thin amorphous silicon layers, Solid State Commun., 69(8) (1989) 807-810. 

T. Wagner, T. Yoshinobu, C. Rao, R. Otto andM.J. Schoning, All-in-one solid-state device based on a light-addressable potentiometric sensor platform, Sens. Actuators B Chem., 117(2) (2006) 472—479. 

M.A. Northrup, M.T. Ching, R.M. White, R.T. Watson. DNA amplification in a microfabricated reaction chamber. In Transducer 93, Seventh International Conference on Solid State Sensors and Actuators, Yokohama, Japan, 2 (1995). 

L. Bousse, A. Kopf-Sill, J.W. Parce, International Conference on Solid State Sensors and Actuators (Transducers), June 16-19, Chicago, IL (1997). 

Separation also applies to the measurement devices and actuators. Although the traditional point of reference for safety interlock systems is a hardwired implementation, a programmed implementation is an alternative. The potential for latent defects in software implementation is a definite concern. Another concern is that solid-state components are not guaranteed to fail to the safe state. The former is addressed by extensive testing the latter is addressed by manufacturer-supplied and/or user-supplied diagnostics that are routinely executed by the processor within the safety interlock system. Although issues must be addressed in programmable implementations, the hardwired implementations are not perfect either. 

Mobius, H., Ehrfeld, W., Hessel, V., Richter, T., Sensor controlled processes in chemical microreactors, in Proceedings of the 8th Int. Conf on Solid- State Sensors and Actuators, Transducers 95 -Eurosensors IX (25-29 June 1995), Stockholm, 1995, 775-778. 

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