Active detection

In the discussion that follows we refer to nuclear activation detection reactions in lieu of analysis reactions since the signals that are measured are not necessarily always from a radioactive product. Again, we will use standard nuclear physics notation in specifying nuclear reactions, namely ... 

The feasibility of the fast neutron bulk activation detection system and of other bulk nitrogen measurement systems is in serious question. The nitrogen present in innocent, common, and completely legitimate materials to be found in suitcases varies sufficiently that the estimated minimum detectable amount of explosive in this system is around 25 to 50 sticks of 40% dyji3=... 

The deletion of pelX and of the five major pel genes from the E. chrysanthemi chromosome failed to totally eliminate the capadty for tissue maceration (16). Analysis of the macerated tissue by electrofocusing followed by an activity detection, revealed the presence of a new set of pectate lyases (up to 5 forms). Because of their low activity in synthetic medium, they were described as secondary pectinases. The gene of one secondary endo-pectate lyases, PelL, has been characterized in two E. chrysanthemi strains. The pelL gene of E. 

Figure 2 PG activity detection by zymogramt ] of the SCPP strain cultivated on Pg glc medium for two and five days...

Fig. 5. Isoelectric focusing (pH gradient 3-10) of Fraction A and Fraction B in ultrathin polyacrylamide layers. 5 pg of fractions were applied. Activity detection with ruthenium red (left) and with Ostazin Brilliant Red/D-galacturonan DP 10 agar print (right).

Fig. 3. Isoelectric focusing in ultrathin polyacrylamide layers (pH gradient 3 -10) of multiple forms of polygalacturonase produced by Candida boidinii under different cultivation conditions a - pectin, pH 3.51 b - pectin, pH 5.49 c -pectin, pH 7.01 d - 20% of D-galactopyranuronic acid in pectin e - pectate. A - Activity detection with print technique on colouress D-galacturonan DP 10 dyed additionally with ruthenium red ( both exo- and polygalacturonases) and B - activity detection with Ostazin Brilliant Red/D-galacturonan DP 10 agar print (polygalacturonases).

Collier, A., Jackson, M., Dawkes, R.M., Bell, D. and Clarke, B.F. (1988). Reduced free radical activity detected by decreased diene conjugates in insulin-dependent diabetic patients. Diabetic Med. 5, 747-749. 

The factor Elf 1 was isolated as a factor that binds to the CNS-specific element I in the proximal regulatory region (Bray et al., 1988). Several lines of evidence pointed to Elfl as a strong candidate for a specific Ddc regulatory factor (Bray et al., 1989) First, mutations of element I that disrupt function also reduce the affinity of Elfl. Second, Elfl is the only element I binding activity detectable in an embryonic nuclear extract,... 

FIG. 3. HistoneHl kinase activity and schematic representation of the morphology of one-cell mouse embryos (3A) and two-cell stage blastomeres (3B) bisected at the respective G2 phases. N ote that histone H1 kinase activity rises autonomously in anucleate halves of both embryos and blastomeres. However, the degree of the autonomous activation is lower than in theit nucleate counterparts. Activity detected in nucleate halves obtained during respective M phases was taken as 100%. Note that the nucleate halves obtained at theit respective G2 stages do not activate histone HI kinase to the levels observed in the halves obtained in the M phase, and that the mitotic disassembly of microtubules was observed only when the level of histone HI kinase was between 35% and 46% in anucleate halves. 

Yang, L. B., Lindholm, K., Yan, R. et al. Elevated P-secretase expression and enzymatic activity detected in sporadic Alzheimer disease. Nature Med. 9 3-4, 2003. 

An example of a TIE approach is that described by Desbrow et al. [7]. In this work, the endocrine disrupting activity detected in effluents of seven UK WWTPs by means of a yeast-based screening assay [52] was mainly attributed to the presence of estradiol, estrone, and ethynylestradiol. However, to assess the estrogenic activity different bioassays may be used, e.g., the yeast-based recombinant estrogen receptor-reporter assay (YES), the MCF-7 cell proliferation (E-screen), and the estrogen receptor-mediated chemically activated... 

Laturnus F, Adams FC, Gomez I, Mehrtens G (1997) Halogenating activities detected in Antarctic macroalgae. Polar Biol 17 281-284... 

No CYP1A2 protein nor EROD activity detected in purified rat brain mitochondria (Morse etal., 1998). 

Mutagenic activity was recorded if at least one strain showed an increased reversion frequency in response to the test sample. (—) = no activity detected (-H) = at least 2x the number of colonies appeared as on a control plate situated in a ring around the sample disc (0) = an increased colony count was noted, but not 2x the control value, or not in a ring. 

Slingerland, J., Hengst, L., Pan, C., Alexander, D., Stampfer, M., and Reed, S. (1994). A novel inhibitor of Cyclin-Cdk activity detected in TGFB-arrested epitehelial cells, Mol Cell Biol 14, 3683-3694. 

Figure 2. Influence of 16-23 weeks of storage of soya containing bread improver paste and powder on lipoxygenase isoenzyme LI, L2 and L3 activity. = no activity detected (based on data mentioned in text of 22)...

LED, lowest effective dose ElID, highest ineffective dose in-vitro test, p.g/mL in-vivo test, mg/kg bw/day ip, intraperitoneal po, oral Active only with 30% hamster liver S9 not with rat liver S9 S9 from phenobarbital-treated rats Activity detected in YEPD medium Acute feeding... 

Standardized to 4% echinacosides. TsID, no inhibitory activity detected. 

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