Action on cotton

CeUulases have appeared in a few laundry detergents around the world. Since there are few, if any, ceUulase-based soils present on home laundry, any laundering benefit from ceUulase would be expected to come from action on cotton fabric. The nature and magnitude of such benefits is uncertain (see Enzya s, Ejdusthial Applications). 

Lee, I., Evans, B. R., and Woodward, J., The mechanism of cellulase action on cotton fibers Evidence from atomic force microscopy. Ultramicroscopy 2000, 82 (1-4), 213-221. 

Certain cellulolytic fungi yield cell-free filtrates capable of extensive degradation of highly ordered forms of cellu-losic material. These filtrates have been shoum to contain a so-called Cj-component, which, although essential for this type of activity, is virtually without action when freed from the other (Cx) components. Crcomponents, with very similar properties, have been isolated from Trichoderma viride and from Penicillium funiculosum. The powerful synergistic action on cotton previously found between the Ct and Cx components of T. viride was also displayed by those from P. funiculosum cross-synergism has also been demonstrated. An attempt has been made to explain the role of Ct in the solubilization of cotton. 

Figure 10, Comparison of losses of wet strength and of weight caused by the prolonged action on cotton of the Cr and C components of T. viride cellulose. Comparative data are given for the action of a dilute solution of the recombined components...

Ci units—action on cotton sliver for 24 hours at 40°C. (25). Hydrolysis of 6% Solka Floe, 42 days at 29°C. 

After enzymatic destabilization of a pectin structure, the different components present in the primary wall layer can be removed easily in subsequent rinsing steps [Hardin and Kim, 2000 Vigneswaran et al., 2012b]. A proper interpretation of the enzymatic action on cotton fibers on a molecular basis was not possible because of the lack of structural knowledge of cotton fiber. 

Srisodsuk, M., Kleman-Leyer, K., Keranen, S., Kirk, T.K., Teeri, T.T., 1998. Modes of action on cotton and bacterial cellulose of a homologous endoglucanase-exoglucanase pair from Trichoderma reesei. Eur. J. Biochem. 251, 885-892. 

For resistance to actinic degradation, the use of certain forms of titanium oxide is an alternative to chrome salts. Another approach has been the use of polymerized methylol melamine on cotton (145). In this case, the action of sunlight leads to gradual breakdown of the melamine polymer after several years. After this, actinic degradation of cotton proceeds as it does in unprotected cotton. 

Phosphine, which is produced in small quantities in the Silicol process for making hydrogen, has under certain conditions a deteriorating effect on cotton fabrics, not as an immediate action but as a secondary reaction. The examination of a balloon envelope which burst at Milan in 1906 showed that at some spots the material could be easily torn, while over the greater portion it... 

Ref 16) Qvc 530.5 kcal/mol Qj 50.0 kcal/mol(Ref 12) volatility lower than for NG, namely, at 25° 0.127 x 10 3 g/cm2/24 hrs vs 0.153 x 10 3 for NG. NIBTN is sol in methyl ethyl alcohols, acet, ethet, ethylene dichloride, chlf benz insol in w, CS2 petr eth toxicity much lower than with NG it causes only a slight headache its gelatinizing action on collodion cotton is appreciably less than that of NG, even when hot... 

It should be mentioned that the impact of excited metallotetrapyrroles on biological systems is not limited to the above areas. It was found and patented [280] that some water-soluble phthalocyanine complexes exhibit bactericidal action on wet cotton fabric exposed to air and solar radiation. Zn(TPPS) is one of the best sensitizers in photokilling the unarmoured dinoflagellate Ptychodis-cus brevis. In the future further directions of photobiological applications of metallotetrapyrroles may emerge. 

Andreaus, I, Pereira Ramos, L., and Cavaco-Paulo, A. 2000b. Dry Action of Tricho-derma reesei Cellulases on Cotton fabrics. /. Soc. Dyers Col, 116,121-125. Asakura, T., Adachi, K., and Schwartz, E. 1978. Stabilizing effect of various organic solvents on protein. /. Biol. Chem 255(18), 6423-6425. 

Nitro-Cellulose.—Concentrated nitric acid together with sulphuric acid however yields nitric acid esters of cellulose known as nitro celluloses which have important industrial uses as will be discussed presently. By complete oxidation of cellulose with nitric acid oxalic acid is obtained. Dilute solutions of alkalies below about 10 per cent, have no action on cellulose. When however cellulose is treated with a solution of sodium hydroxide above 10 per cent., best from 18 per cent, to 28 per cent, sodium cellulose is formed and this with water yields a hydrated cellulose. By this treatment the fibrous character of cotton remains but the fibres possess entirely new properties. This is the basis of what is known as Mercerized cotton (p. 372). On prolonged treatment with strong alkalies or by fusion cellulose is oxidized to oxalic acid... 

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