Acrylic acid Ammonium hydroxide

Ring opening of the pyrazole ring of 133 with benzylamine, ammonium hydroxide, and hydrazine hydrate takes place regioselectively affording the acrylic acid esters 134 (Equation 13) <2003MI1>. 

The hrst step in the preparation of the antidepressant maprotiline (33-5) takes advantage of the acidity of anthrone protons for incorporation of the side chain. Thus treatment of (30-1) with ethyl acrylate and a relatively mild base leads to the Michael adduct saponihcation of the ester group gives the corresponding acid (33-1). The ketone group is then reduced by means of zinc and ammonium hydroxide. Dehydration of the hrst-formed alcohol under acidic conditions leads to the formation of fully aromatic anthracene (33-2). Diels-Alder addition of ethylene under high pressure leads to the addition across the 9,10 positions and the formation of the central 2,2,2-bicyclooctyl moiety (33-3). The hnal steps involve the construction of the typical antidepressant side chain. The acid in (33-3) is thus converted to an acid chloride and that function reacted with methylamine to form the amide (33-4). Reduction to a secondary amine completes the synthesis of (33-5) [33]. 

Essentially, all primary skin irritants include acids, alkalis, metals, salts, and solvents. Among organic acids one may include acetic acid, acrylic acid, carbolic acid, chloroacetic acid, formic acid, lactic acid, oxalic acid, and salicylic acid. Among inorganic acids one may list arsenious acid, chromic acid, hydrochloric acid, hydrofluoric acid, nitric acid, phosphoric acid, and sulfuric acid. Alkalis include butylamines, ethylamines, ethanolamines, methylamines, propylamines, and triethanolamine. One also may include ammonium carbonate, ammonium hydroxide, calcium carbonate, calcium cyanamide, calcium hydroxide, calcium oxide, potassium carbonate, potassium hydroxide, sodium carbonate (soda ash), sodium hydroxide (caustic soda), and sodium silicate. 

A new type of copolymer resist named ESCAP (environmentally stable chemical amplification photoresist) has recently been reported from IBM [163], which is based on a random copolymer of 4-hydroxystyrene with tert-butyl acrylate (TBA) (Fig. 37), which is converted to a copolymer of the hydroxystyrene with acrylic acid through photochemically-induced acid-catalyzed deprotection. The copolymer can be readily synthesized by direct radical copolymerization of 4-hydroxystyrene with tert-butyl acrylate or alternatively by radical copolymerization of 4-acetoxystyrene with the acrylate followed by selective hydrolysis of the acetate group with ammonium hydroxide. The copolymerization behavior as a function of conversion has been simulated for the both systems based on experimentally determined monomer reactivity ratios (Table 1) [164]. In comparison with the above-mentioned partially protected PHOST systems, this copolymer does not undergo thermal deprotection up to 180 °C. Furthermore, as mentioned earlier, the conversion of the terf-butyl ester to carboxylic acid provides an extremely fast dissolution rate in the exposed regions and a large... 

HIDROXILAMINA (Spanish) (7803-49-8) A powerful reducing agent. Aqueous solution is a base. Contact with water or steam causes decomposition to ammonium hydroxide, nitrogen, and hydrogen. Contaminants and/or elevated temperatures above (reported at 158°F/70°C and 265°F/129°C) can cause explosive decomposition. Moisture in air or carbon dioxide may cause decomposition. Violent reaction with oxidizers, strong acids, copper(II) sulfate, chromium trioxide, potassium dichromate, phosphorus chlorides, metals calcium, sodium, zinc. Incompatible with carbonyls, pyridine. Forms heat-sensitive explosive mixtures with calcium, zinc powder, and possibly other finely divided metals. Aqueous solution incompatible with organic anhydrides, acrylates, alcohols, aldehydes, alkylene oxides, substituted allyls, carbonyls, cellulose nitrate, cresols, caprolactam solution, epichlorohydrin, ethylene dichloride, glycols, isocyanates, ketones, nitrates, phenols, pyridine, vinyl acetate. Attacks aluminum, copper, tin, and zinc. 

PYROSULFURIC ACID (8014-95-7) A powerful oxidizer and strong acid. Violent reae-tion when water is added to coneentrated acid. To dilute, always add aeid to water heat will be generated. Reacts with air, producing corrosive fumes. Violent reaction with reducing agents, bases, combustible materials, organic materials, acetic acid, acetic anhydride, acetonitrile, acrolein, acrylic acid, acrylonitrile, alcohols, allyl chloride, 2-amino ethanol, ammonium hydroxide, aniline, cresol, n-butyraldehyde, carbides, cast iron, chlorates, cresol, epichlorohydrin,... 

Acacia Acetylated lard glyceride Acrylic acid/acrylamide copolymer Adipic acid Allyltrimethoxysilane Allyltrimethyl silane Aluminum orthophosphate N-(2-Aminoethyl)-3-aminopropyl methyidimethoxy silane 3-Aminopropylmethyldiethoxysilane Aminopropyltrimethoxysilane Ammonium hydroxide Ammonium molybdate (VI) Ammonium ricinoleate Amyltrichlorosilane Arachidyl alcohol Barium petroleum sulfonate Bis (dimethylamino) dimethylsilane 3-[Bis (2-hydroxyethyl) amino] propyltriethoxysilane Bis-(N-methylbenzamide) ethoxymethyl silane Bismuth... 

Acrylic acid/acrylamide copolymer Algin Ammonia Ammonium chloride Ammonium hydroxide... 

Acrylic acid (Eastman Organic Chem.) was polymerized after distillation under diminished pressure. Polymerization of the monomer (10% or 12% aqueous solution) was carried out with ammonium persulfate as catalyst under N2 atmosphere at 35 overnight to produce a gel-like transparent polymer. This polymer was diluted with water and completely neutralized with sodium hydroxide. The polymer was then precipitated by adding acetone to the solution. The precipitation was repeated twice in essentially the same manner. Viscosity measurements of PAA sodium salt were made in 2N NaOH at 30 °C. The intrinsic viscosities of the prepared polymers were 5.72 and 6.27. 

---