Acryl amide

Acryl amide, a resin usually found in research labs, is used to make gels for biochemical separations. It can cause eye and skin irritation. Long-term exposure could result in central nervous system disorders. Consider acryl amide as a suspected carcinogen and mutagen. 

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Fig. 1. Functional monomers used in acrylamide copolymers. Methacrylamidopropyltrim ethyl ammonium chloride [51410-72-1] (1), acryloyloxyethyltrimethylammonium chioride [44992-01-0] (2), methacryloyloxyethyltrimethylammonium chloride [50339-78-1] (3), /V,/V-dimethy1aminoethy1 methacrylate [2867-47-2] (4), /V,/V-dimethylaminopropy1 acryl amide [3845-76-9] (5), diallyl dimethyl amm onium chloride...

Chemical Designations - Synonyms Acrylic Amide 50%, Propenamide 50% Chemical Formula CHi=CHCONHj-H20. 

The base materials include acrylic acid (ethylenecarboxylic acid, propenoic acid, vinylformic acid, CH2 CHCOOH) and its sodium salt, methacrylic acid [2-methylpropenoic acid, CH2 C(CH3)COOH], acrylamide (acrylic amide, propenamide, CH2 CH-CONH2), and methacrylamide. 

The cross metathesis of acrylic amides [71] and the self metathesis of two-electron-deficient alkenes [72] is possible using the precatalyst 56d. The performance of the three second-generation catalysts 56c,d (Table 3) and 71a (Scheme 16) in a domino RCM/CM of enynes and acrylates was recently compared by Grimaud et al. [73]. Enyne metathesis of 81 in the presence of methyl acrylate gives the desired product 82 only with phosphine-free 71a as a pre-... 

Acryl amide is an important bulk chemical used in coagulators, soil conditioners and stock additives. The chemical synthesis has several drawbacks because the rate of acryl amide formation is lower than the formation of the by-product acrylic acid [54]. Further, the double bonds of the reactants and products cause by-product formations as well as formation of polymerization products. As a result of optimization with methods of molecular engineering, a very high activity of the biocatalyst nitrile hydratase at low temperature is yielded, enabling a successful biotransformation that is superior to the chemical route. Here, the synthesis is carried out at a low temperature of about 5°C, showing a conversion of 100%. 

Another way for covalent immobilisation is to synthesise indicator chemistry with polymerizable entities such as methacrylate groups (Figure 4). These groups can then be copolymerized with monomers such as hydrophobic methyl methacrylate or hydrophilic acryl amide to give sensor copolymers. In order to obtain self-plasticized materials, methacrylate monomers with long alkyl chains (hexyl or dodecyl methacrylate) can be used. Thus, sensor copolymers are obtained which have a Tg below room temperature. Similarly, ionophores and ionic additives (quaternary ammonium ions and borates) can be derivatised to give methacrylate derivatives. 

H. Goto, T. Isobe, and M. Senna, Controlled dissolution of pheny-toin by complexing with silica nanoparticles modified by acryl amide, in International Conference on Silica Science and Technology, Mulhouse, France, 1998, pp. 573-576. 

Ethanolic solutions of isopropylidene (azacycloalk-2-ylidene)malonates (1629) were boiled in the presence of sodium ethylate overnight to give ethyl (azacycloalk-2-ylidene)acetates (1630, XR = OEt) in 56-90% yields (83S195). Acrylates (1630, X = O) or acryl amides (1630, X = NEt) were also prepared when mixtures of cyclic esters (1629) and the respective alcohol or amine were heated for 30 min at a temperature 25°C higher than the decomposition point. The latter was sometimes carried out in acetone. 

Synonyms AAM Acrylamide monomer Acrylic acid amide Acrylic amide AI3-04119 Amresco acryl-40 BRN 0605349 CCRiS 7 EiNECS 201473-7 Ethylene carboxamide NSC 7785 Optimum Propenamide 2-Propenamide Propenoic acid amide RCRA waste number U007 UN 2074 Vinyl amide. 

Fig. 11 Chemical formulas of poly(acryl amide) (PAAm), poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (PHEMA), poly(t-butyl acrylate) (PtBA), and poly(acrylic acid) (PAA), and poly(dimethyl aminoethyl methacrylate) (PDMAEMA)...

Fig. 15 Dry thickness, /z, (open symbols) and wet thickness, ff, (closed symbols) of poly(acryl amide) (PAAm) and the l-trichlorosilyl-2-(m-p-chloromethylphenyl) ethane (CMPE) concentration (solid line) as a function of the position on the substrate for samples prepared on substrates containing the initiator gradients made of CMPEiPO mixtures (w/w) a 1 1 ( , ), b 1 2 (o, ), and c 1 5 (A, A). (Reproduced with permission from [76])...

Fig. 26 Dry thickness of poly(acryl amide) as a function of the position on the silica substrate prepared by slow ( ) and fast ( ) removal of the polymerization solution by utilizing the method depicted in Fig. 24. The inset shows the dry poly(acryl amide) thickness as a function of the polymerization time. Note that both data sets collapse on a single curve at short polymerization times. Regardless of the drain speed, the brush thickness increases linearly at short polymerization times and levels off at longer polymerization times. The latter behavior is associated with premature termination of the growing polymers...

Fig. 38 (Upper panel) Scanning force microscopy images of gold nanoparticles (diameter 17 nm) adsorbed along a surface-anchored poly(acryl amide) brush with a molecular weight gradient (Edge of each image = 1 p.m). (Lower panel) Dry thickness of poly(acryl amide) on the substrate before particle attachment (right, ) and particle number density profile (left, ). (Reproduced with permission from [140])...

Synonyms Acrylic amide propenamide ethylenecarboxamide vinyl amide... 

The conventional techniques for the purification of low-molecular-weight compounds, such as distillation, sublimation, and crystallization, are not applicable to polymers. In some cases, it is possible to remove the impurities by cold or hot extraction of the finely powdered polymer with suitable solvents or by steam distillation. Separation of low-molecular-weight components from water-soluble polymers [e.g., poly(acrylic acid),poly(vinyl alcohol), poly(acryl amide)]... 

Fig. 7 Maltotetraose hybrids with various carriers resulting in different chain architectures A poly(ethylene oxide) Ba and Bb poly(acrylic acid), amylose, cellulose, and other polysaccharides Ca cyclodextrin and multifunctional acids Cb amylopectin D crosslinked poly(acryl amide) [156] - Reproduced by permission of Wiley...

St and divinylbenzene (DVB) were polymerized in a dispersion of acryl-amide-methacrylic acid-methylenebisacrylamide terpolymer particles (25). Fine polystyrene particles were formed in/on each seed terpolymer particle. The former was smaller by about one-twentieth than the latter. The distribution of polystyrene particles depended on the cross-link density. Different amounts of St and DVB were charged in the seeded polymerization, and the resulting composite particles were used for protein adsorption measurement to assess the hydrophobicity of the particle surface. The adsorbed amount was almost proportional to the amount of St and DVB charged. In contrast, cells were less stimulated by the 5% St-containing particle than by the 0% St-containing one, that is, the seed particle. This phenomenon is attributed to selective protein adsorption on the 5% St-containing particle (26). 

Acrylic Acid, 2-Ethylhexyl Ester Acrylic Acid, Isobutyl Ester Acrylic Acid, Methyl Ester Acrylic Aldehyde Acrylic Amide, 50 %... 

Other authors have described the lipase-catalyzed chemoselective acylation of alcohols in the presence of phenolic moities [14], the protease-catalyzed acylation of the 17-amino moiety of an estradiol derivative [15], the chemoselectivity in the aminolysis reaction of methyl acrylate (amide formation vs the favored Michael addition) catalyzed by Candida antarctica lipase (Novozym 435) [16], and the lipase preference for the O-esterification in the presence of thiol moieties, as, for instance, in 2-mercaptoethanol and dithiotreitol [17]. This last finding was recently exploited for the synthesis of thiol end-functionalized polyesters by enzymatic polymerization of e-caprolactone initiated by 2-mercaptoethanol (Figure 6.2)... 

Yu TL, Lu W-C, Liu W-H et al (2004) Solvents effect on the physical properties of semi-dilute poly(Ar-isopropyl acryl amide) solutions. Polymer 45 5579-5589... 

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