Acridine orange dye

The sensor reported by Shirai(69) used a natural carboxylic polyether antibiotic (Aem = 481 nm) for the detection of magnesium and calcium. Detection limits of I0 5 and KT4 M, respectively, were reported but, interference from other metals was difficult to overcome. Ishibashi(69) used a bulkier hexadecyl-acridine orange dye (Xem = 525 nm) plasticized in a PVC membrane for the fluorescent detection of ammonium ions. Signal interference due to superfluous ions and poor detection limits of KT5 M restricted the use of the probe. 

After the pH had been adjusted, 5 g of calcium carbonate, 5 ml of soybean oil antifoam and 0.020 g of Acridine Orange dye were added. The mixture was then autoclaved at 20 psi (250°F) for 15 minutes in order to sterilize the contents, before transferring the broth and mycelium thereto. 

Pare B, Jonnalagadda S B, Tomar H S et al. (2007), Advanced oxidation process in general chemistry laboratory ZnO catalysed degradation of acridine orange dye in visible hght. Aus J Educ Chem 68 30-33... 

The pH indicator shows the acid or basic properties of sample molecnles. Commonly used for acid indicating are solutions of bromocresol green (20 mg dissolved in 10 ml of ethanol combined with 1 ml of 0.1-molar aqueous NaOH) or bromophenol blue (20 mg dissolved in 10 ml of ethanol, pH-adjusted with 0.1-molar NaOH or 0.2% aqneous citric acid). In the presence of acids, 2,6-dichloroindophenol (40 mg dissolved in 100 ml of ethanol) changes the color from blue to red. The fluorescent dye acridine orange (20 mg dissolved in 100 ml of ethanol) changes pH-dependently the color of its flnorescence from yellow-green to yellow. 

Identification of dyes on dyed textiles is traditionally carried out by destructive techniques [493], TLC is an outstanding technique for identification of extracted dyestuffs and examination of inks. Figure 4.9 shows HPTLC/SERRS analysis of acridine orange [492], Wright et al. [494] have described a simple and rapid TLC-videodensitometric method for in situ quantification of lower halogenated subsidiary colours (LHSC) in multiple dye samples. The results obtained by this method were compared with those obtained by an indirect TLC-spectrophotometric method and those from HPLC. The total time for the TLC-videodensitometric assay of five standards and four samples applied to each plate was less than 45 min. The method is applicable for use in routine batch-certification analysis. Loger et al. [495,496] have chromatographed 19 basic dyes for PAN fibres on alumina on thin-layer with ethanol-water (5 2) and another 11 dyes on silica gel G with pyridine-water... 

Three anticonvulsant drugs including valproic acid were determined using different dyes as ion-pair reagents. Gentian violet was used for the spectrophotometric detection at 588 nm and acridine orange for the fluorimetric detection at 470 nm after excitation at 297 nm. Calibration graphs were linear for 5-50 pg/mL 2.5 0.50 pg/mL for the spectrophotometric and fluorimetric methods, respectively [15]. 

When the stretched DNA-lipid film was soaked in an aqueous solution of ethidium bromide (itmax = 480 nm) for a day at room temperature, the transparent film turned red (itmax = 520 nm) and the aqueous solution became clear (Fig. 9a). Thus, the ethidium intercalated completely between base pairs of the DNA film. When the film was moved into the new aqueous buffer solution, the intercalated dye molecules were hardly removed from the film at least for a day. Similar intercalation behavior into the film was observed for other dyes such as proflavine, acridine orange, and safranine T [14-17]. 

Complexes between chiral polymers having ionizable groups, and achiral small molecules become, under certain conditions, optically active for the absorption regions of the achiral small molecules. Dyes such as acridine orange and methyl orange have been used as achiral species, since they are in rapport with biopolymers through ionic coupling. This phenomenon has been applied to the detection of the helix chirality in poly-a-amino acids, polynucleotides, or polysaccharides when instrumental limitations prevent direct detection of the helices. 

Diaryl- and triaryl-methane dyes also fall into this class [(124) is known as Michler s Hydrol Blue] and a number of the heterocyclic derivatives of these dyes are well known. Introduction of a sulfur bridge into Michler s Hydrol Blue (124) results in the dye Thiopyronine (125) which absorbs at 565 nm. The analogous dye with an oxygen bridge, Pyronine, absorbs at 545 nm and that with an —NH— bridge, Acridine Orange, absorbs at 490 nm (B-76MI11201). 

Several dyes have been found to sensitize the cationic polymerization of cyclohexene oxide, epichlorohydrin, and 2-chloroethyl vinyl ether initiated by diaryliodonium salts (109,110). Acridinium dyes such as acridine orange and acridine yellow were found to be effective sensitizers. One example of a benzothiazolium dye (setoflavin T) was also reported, but no other class of dye nor any other example of a dye absorbing at longer wavelengths were discovered. Crivello and Lam favored a sensitization mechanism in which direct energy transfer from the dye to the diaryliodonium salt occurred. Pappas (12,106) provided evidence that both energy transfer and electron transfer sensitization were feasible in this system. 

Comminution also may be used to examine the stability of dispersed phases such as oil droplets. Depending on the viscosity of the product one simply mixes it or breaks it up in a solvent (usually water but, for example, use fresh soybean oil for chocolate), a buffer or the appropriate dyes (below). For instance, we mix easily dispersible foods (cream cheese, ice cream mix or tablespreads) with dyes on slides in a ratio of about 1 1 before examination. Where the dye is a diachrome (that is, highly colored) or is fluorescent in the absence of the substrate (for example, Acridine Orange) some attempt must be made to remove excess, uncomplexed dye molecules which might confound the interpretation. This can be done by reduction of the dye concentration or by making the preparation thinner. The advantage of these simple techniques is that a battery of microchemical tests to identify protein, lipid and carbohydrate can be completed on multiple samples in a very short time period. 

Acridine Orange is a fluorescent marker that will reveal negatively charged groups. A 0.01 to 0.0001%W/V aqueous solution is added to the specimen - the concentration used depends on the difficulties posed by the background fluorescence of the dye. That is, the effective... 

P 82] Dilution-type mixing was accomplished with the fluorescent dyes acridine orange (0.01% solution in 20 mM in TE buffer see below) or trypan blue (prepared in 0.85% saline) contacted with buffer solution (TE buffer 10 mmol f4 Tris-HCl, pH 7.4, 1 mmol 1 1 EDTA, pH 8.0) [164]. Images were taken by a laser scanning confocal microscope. Profiling data analysis was employed along detection lines. 

---