Acridine Yellow

In this work hybrid method is suggested to determine anionic surfactants in waters. It is based on preconcentration of anionic surfactants as their ion associates with cationic dyes on the membrane filter and measurement of colour intensity by solid-phase spectrophotometry method. Effect of different basic dyes, nature and hydrophobicity of anionic surfactants, size of membrane filter pores, filtration rate on sensitivity of their determination was studied. Various cationic dyes, such as Methylene Blue, Crystal Violet, Malachite Green, Rhodamine 6G, Safranin T, Acridine Yellow were used as counter ions. The difference in reflection between the blank and the sample was significant when Crystal Violet or Rhodamine 6G or Acridine Yellow were used. 

Besides aromatic hydrocarbons such as pyrene (above), benzanthracene (Becker et al., 1977a), benzoin derivatives (Baumann et al., 1982), aromatic and heteroaromatic ketones (Fomin et al., 1980 Baumann et al., 1985), azo dyes (Timpe et al., 1982), methylene blue (Becker et al., 1986 a Becker and Kohrs, 1990), acridine yellow... 

A highly sensitive method for the determination of anionic surfactants, particularly sodium dodecyl sulfate, has been described [275]. The method is based on the formation of fluorescent ionic complexes of the anionic surfactant with acridine red and acridine yellow. The complexes are extracted with dichloro-... 

The resonating positive charge in Dobner s violet is formed not by internal ionization but rather by external ionization. Other colored cations of this general type are numerous the cation of acridine yellow, for example, can be ascribed the structure... 

The simplest case for complete enforcement of the convergent conformation was provided by meta xylidine diamine 10. Condensation of two triacids with this amine in the melt gave excellent yields of the dicarboxylic acid 11 (Eq. (2)). The architectural cliche is easily repeated in the naphthalene series to provide 12 and in the acridine series to provide 13. The latter is derived from the commercially available acridine yellow at very low cost. 

Molecular Photophysics of Acridine Yellow Studied by Phosphorescence and Delayed Fluorescence 188... 

Acridine Yellow [135-49-9] M 237.8, m 325 . Crystd from 1 1 benzene/methanol. 

Figure 18-14 Example showing that phosphorescence comes at lower energy than fluorescence from the same molecule. The phosphorescence is —10 times weaker than the fluorescence and is observed only when the sample is cooled. [Data from J. C. Fister III, J. M. Harris, n Rank, and W. Wacholtz, "Molecular Wiotophysics of Acridine Yellow Studied OyTtiospnorescence anCLieiayedTiuorescence S. Cnem.-td.YW>I >Vf2tJKl...

Several dyes have been found to sensitize the cationic polymerization of cyclohexene oxide, epichlorohydrin, and 2-chloroethyl vinyl ether initiated by diaryliodonium salts (109,110). Acridinium dyes such as acridine orange and acridine yellow were found to be effective sensitizers. One example of a benzothiazolium dye (setoflavin T) was also reported, but no other class of dye nor any other example of a dye absorbing at longer wavelengths were discovered. Crivello and Lam favored a sensitization mechanism in which direct energy transfer from the dye to the diaryliodonium salt occurred. Pappas (12,106) provided evidence that both energy transfer and electron transfer sensitization were feasible in this system. 

Phosphine, beozoflavine. coriphosphine, rheoaine, patent phosphine, acridine orange, acridine yellow, Savophosphine, aurophosphine, diamond phosphine, bnl.iant phosp. me. etc. 

SYNS ACRIDINE YELLOW BASE 2,8-DIAMINO-3,7-DIMETHYLACRIDINE... 

From the same class of light sensitive and heat resistant polymers, poly[4,4 -hexafluoro-isopropylidene)-diphthalic anhydride-a/f-acridine yellow G], HCI is given as another example. The structure of this polymer is shown below ... 

Figure 13.4.2. Variation of weight % loss forpoly[4,4 -hexafluoro-isopropylidene)-diphthalic anhydride-alt-acridine yellow G] HCI in a TGA experiment at a heating rate of 10P C/min.

The TGA curve indicates a complex decomposition process. The Py-GC/MS result for poly[4,4 -hexafluoro-isopropylidene)-diphthalic anhydride-aff-acridine yellow G] HCI is given in Figure 13.4.3. This is a light sensitive polymer (X max. 273 nm) but also with high heat resistance, and the pyrolysis was performed at 850 C in He. Other conditions were kept similar to those for other examples previously described (see Table 4.2.2). The separation was done on a Carbowax column. The peak identification was done using MS spectral library searches only and is given in Table 13.4.4. 

Figure 13.4.3. Pyrogram from Py-GC/MS analysis of poly[4,4 -hexafluoro-isopropylidene)diphthalic anhydride-alt-acridine yellow G] HCI. Pyrolysis done on 0.4 mg material at 85(f C in He, with the separation on a Carbowax type column.

Table 13.4.4. Compounds identi ed in the pyrogram poly(4,4 -hexaftuoro-isopropylidenejdiphthalic anhydride-alt-acridine yellow Gj HCI, as shown In Figure 13.4.3.

Acridine Yeiiow G (2,7-dimethylacridine-3,6-diamine hydrochloride)/775-49-9/ M 273.8, m 325 (free base). Cl 46025, pKj -3.0, pKl 0.5, pKl 8.9. Note that the hydrochloride is normally called Acridine Yellow G and not the free base. The free base recrystallises from 1 1 benzene/methanol, or from 800 parts of EtOH. It is converted to the sparingly soluble hydrochloride with dilute HCl, filtered off and dried. [Albert 7 Chem Soc 248 1947, Beilstein 22 IIEIV 5499,22/11 V 340.]... 

TEA and other amines Acridine Dyes" -"1 319-321> Proflavine, Acridine Yellow V3+, Cr5+, Eu3+ Metal Oxides Pt02, Ir02, AljOj/Pt... 

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