Acinetobacter species

Beadle TA, ARW Smith (1982) The purification and properties of 2,4-dichlorophenol hydroxylase from a strain of Acinetobacter species. Eur J Biochem 123 323-332. 

Weber, D. J., Rutala, W. A., Miller, M. B., Huslage, K., and Sickbert-Bennett, E. (2010). Role of hospital surfaces in the transmission of emerging health care-associated pathogens Norovirus, Clostridium difficile, and Acinetobacter species. Am. ]. Infect. Control 38, S25-S33. 

Atlantic Richfield Company has reported strains of Pseudomonas sp. CB1 (ATCC 39381) [108] and Acinetobacter species CB2 [109] (ATCC 53515) to be effective for the removal of sulfur from organic molecules found in petroleum, coal, etc. In fact, the aerobic and heterotrophic soil microorganisms Pseudomonas CB1 and Acinetobacter CB2 were reported to convert thiophene sulfur into sulfate, using a bench-scale continuous bioreactor. The direct contact with Illinois 6 coal reduced the organic sulfur content in about 40% to 50%. As already mentioned, most of this work was carried out on coal. Further work was not pursued probably due to decrease in coal usage or due to the economics of the processes. 

Isbister, J. D., Acinetobacter species and its use in removing organic sulfur compounds. Patent No. US4808535. 1989, Feb. 28. 

Scott, C. C. L. and Finnerty, W. R. (1976). Characterization of intracytoplasmic hydrocarbon inclusions from the hydrocarbon-oxidizing Acinetobacter species HOl-N, J. Bacteriol., 127, 481 489. 

Class Semisynthetic aminoglycoside antibiotics with activity against Pseudomonas species, Escherichia coii. Proteus species, Providencia species, Klebsiella species, Enterobacter speaes, Serratia species, Acinetobacter species, Citrobacter freundii, Staphylococcus species Aminoglycosides generally have a low level of activity against grampositive organisms Lo o u c <... 

Enterobacter species Acinetobacter species Salmonella species Proteus species Klebsiella species Serratia marcescens respiratory tract infections endophthalmitis... 

All cephalosporins lack activity against enterococci, methiciUin-resistant 5. aureus and 5. epidermtdts, and Acinetobacter species. IV, intravenous IM, intramuscular PO, oral. 

Unlike meropenem and imipenem, ertapenem is not active against Pseudcmonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter species, or Enterococcus faecalis. 

Pseudomonas aeruginosa Providencia species Enterobacterspecies Acinetobacter species Serratia species Salmonella species Otrobacterspedes... 

Acinetobacter species various clinical isolates and ATCC 19606 Bacteroides species various clinical isolates, including B. fragilis, and ATCC 25285 Candida species, clinical isolates, including C. albicans and ATCC 10231 Enterobacter species various clinical isolates and ATCC 13048 Escherichia coli various clinical isolates, including serotype 0157 H7 and ATCC 11229 and 25922... 

Resident flora—organisms considered to be permanent residents on the skin including coagulase-negative staphylococci, diphtheroids, Propioni-bacterium and Acinetobacter species, as well as some members of the Klebsiella-Enterobacter group. 

The lipids of prokaryotes have been reviewedUnlike higher plants, bacteria (with the exception of mycobacteria) do not usually contain significant amounts of waxes in their surface layers. Lipid droplets are infrequently seen internally—in Acinetobacter species these may contain up to 12% alkanes mainly as the n-Cj compound . The main interest surrounding the alkane composition has been its use in differentiating species of micrococci (in which hydrocarbons may contain up to 20% of total lipid) from staphylococci, which lack hydrocarbons. Two Sarcina species were found to contain the same hydrocarbon pattern and have been reclassified on the basis of this and other criteria as a single Micrococcus species . 

E., Petruccelli, B., Brisse, S., Harpin, V, Schink, A., Ecker, D.J., Sampath, R., Eshoo, M.W. (2006) Identification of Acinetobacter species and genotyping of Acinetobacter baumannii by multilocus PCR and mass spectrometry. Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 44,2921-2932. 

Alvarez-Buylla A, Picazo JJ, Culebras E. Optimized method for Acinetobacter species carbapen-emase detection and identification by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry. J Clin Microbiol. 2013 51 1589-92. 

Alvarez-Buylla A, Culebras E, Picazo JJ. Identification of Acinetobacter species is Bruker biotyper MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry a good alternative to molecular techniques Infect Genet Evol. 2012 12 345-9. 

Diene SM, Rolain JM. Carbapenemase genes and genetic platforms in Gram-negative bacilli Enterobacteriaceae, Pseudomonas and Acinetobacter species. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2014 20 831-8. 

Besides the role of pathogens, worsening of respiratory failure caused by nosocomial pneumonia, presence of shock, and an inappropriate antibiotic treatment were associated with higher fatality rate (22). The attributable mortality rate of nosocomial pneumonia is still not known from most of these studies, because of the well-known relationship between severity of illness and pneumonia. In addition, it is difficult to establish whether such critically ill patients would have survived if nosocomial pneumonia had not occurred (9,23). However, more recent studies have further clarified the influence of nosocomial pneumonia on death. Fagon et al. reported that the mortality rate attributable to nosocomial pneumonia exceeded 25%, corresponding to a relative risk of death equal to 2.0, (respectively 40% and 2.5 in cases of pneumonia caused by Pseudomonas or Acinetobacter species) (24). Bueno-Cavanillas supported these results by reporting that the risk of mortality was almost three times higher in patients with pneumonia than in noninfected patients (relative risk 2.95 Cl 95, 1.73-5.03) (25). 

Kollef MH. Ventilator-associated pneumonia. JAMA 1993 270 1965-1970. Fagon J, Chastre J, Domart Y, Trouillet J, Gibert C. Mortality due to ventilator-associated pneumonia or colonization with Pseudomonas or Acinetobacter species assessment by quantitative culture of samples obtained by a protected specimen brush. Clin Infect Dis 1996 23 538-542. 

The second representative of the class of thiamine pyrophosphate-dependent nonoxidative a-keto acid decarboxylases is phenylglyoxylate decarboxylase (benzoylformate decarboxylase EC 4.1.1.7). This enzyme participates in the catabolism of aromatic compounds as part of mandelate pathway in different Pseudomonas and Acinetobacter species, normally converting benzoylformate to benzaldehyde [81-83]. This pathway is induced by mandelic acid [84]. 

Benzoylformate decarboxylase from Pseudomonas and Acinetobacter species, also an a-keto acid decarboxylase, has higher substrate specificity than pyruvate decarboxylase. Cells of these species grown in media inducing the mandelate pathway enzymes can convert benzoylformate and acetaldehyde to optically active 2-hydroxypropiophenone. Benzaldehyde is produced in this biotransformation reaction, as it is the normal product of benzoylformate decarboxylase. Some benzyl alcohol is also produced, in this case probably by reduction of benzaldehyde by cell oxidoreductases. In the case of P. putida the (S) enantiomer form of 2-hydrox) ropiophenone was produced, with an e.e. of 91-92%. The same product produced by A. calcoaceticus had an e.e. of 98%. An optimal volumetric production of 2-hydroxypropiophenone of 6.95 g per L per h was reported. 

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