Acid polish

Weakly acidic resins are used primarily for softening and dealkalization, frequently in conjunction with a strongly acidic polishing resin. Systems which use both resins profit from the regeneration economy of the weakly acidic resin and produce treated water of quality comparable to that available with a strongly acidic resin. 

Tyka, R. and Oleksyszyn, J., a-Aminophosphonic Acids, Polish Patent 105,825, 1980. 

Tests demonstrate that a one-quarter-inch-thick piece of glass that has received normal handling can withstand pressures of 6000 psi. Sandblasting the surface to provide large numbers of flaws drops the potential strength to some 2000 psi. However, if a fresh surface is acid-polished and then coated with lacquer (to prevent further abrasion by handling and to limit water content), strengths of up to 250,000 psi have been achieved. 

Use Ceramics, calcium acid phosphate, phosphorus and phosphoric acid, polishing powder, cattle foods, clarifying sugar syrups, medicine, mordant (dyeing textiles with Turkey red), fertilizers, dentifrices, stabilizer for plastics, in meat tenderizers, in foods as anticaking agent, buffer, nutrient supplement, removal of Sr from milk. 

Dmovski, W. Kolinski, R.A. Reactions of sulfur tetrafluoride with calboxylic acids. Part IV. Reactions with alkane-dicarboxylic acids. Polish J. Chem. 1978, 52, 71-85. 

Measurements of channel roughness by Atomic Force Microscopy for two Philips Photonics MCPs, etched-only and etched and weak-acid-polished , found rms surface roughness of 50A and 22A respectively [5]. There is also some evidence [5] that the hydrogen reduction process used in MCP manufacture also reduces the surface irregularities. It therefore does not seem unreasonable that manufacturers will be able to produce MCPs with surface roughnesses of lOA as required for efficient hard X-ray focusing. 

Andruszkiewicz R (1998) Recent Developments in the Synthesis of o -Hydroxy-/9-amino Acids. Polish J Chem 72 1... 

Ferric oxide Glycolic acid Iron oxide black Iron oxide red Magnesium carbonate Magnesium carbonate hydroxide Oieic acid polishing glass Silver oxide (ous) polishing medium, synthetic pearl Bismuth oxychloride polishing metals Chromium fluoride (ic)... 

Liberek, B., and Z. Palacz Steric Course of Synthesis of N-Hydroxyamino Acids from Optically Active Amino Acids. Polish J. Chem. 45, 1173 (1971). 

Mechanical polishing It is more or less similar to grinding, but the polishing compound (cerium oxide, ferric oxide) is finer. The polishing tool may be plastic, cellulose and pitch. A mixture of hydrofluoric and sulphuric acids is used for acid-polishing. 

Sugar. A fault on lead crystal glass resulting from inadequate control during acid polishing and revealed as crystallites on the surface of the glass. 

Significantly higher brilliance compared with acid polishing... 

MaX, Jian R, Chang PR, Yu J (2008) Fabrication and characterization of citric acid-modified starch nanoparticles/plasized-starch composites. Biomacromol 9 3314-3320 Molnar-Perl I, Morvai M (1987) Esterification of aliphatic hydroxyl acids to n-propyl esters in aqueous solutions for their gas chromatographic analysis. Chromatographia 23 760-763 Bouchard EF, Meritt EG (1984) Citric acid. In Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology, 3rd edn, vol 6. Wiley-Interscience, New York, pp 150-176 Prokop M, Milewska MJ (2009) An improved synthesis of trisodium -homocitrate from citric acid. Polish J Chem 83 1317-1322... 

Flourinated surfactants aie used as wetting agents in etch baths because of their low surface tension and stability in strong acids. Glass articles are polished and etched with solutions containing sulfuric acid, HF, and a fluorinated surfactant (e.g., tetraethylammonium perfluorooctanesulfonate or potassium perfluorooc-tanesulfonate). Fluorinated surfactants increase the speed of etching, acid polish-... 

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