Acetylene succinic acid from

Acetylenes can also be carboxylated in the presence of dicobalt octacarbonyl. A patent (105) described the formation of acrylic and succinic acids from acetylene. Cyclopentanone was also formed in the presence of solvents (acetone, dioxane). Substituted succinic acids were formed from the corresponding substituted acetylenes. 

Probten 18.13 Outline a synthesis of (a) pentanedioic acid from 1,3-propanediol (available from a fmnentation of glycerol) (b) nonanedioic acid from c/s-9-octadeoe-noic acid (oleic acid, obtained from fats) (c) succinic acid from 1,4-butynedioI (available from acetylene and formaldehyde). 

Succinic acid diesters are also obtained by one-step hydrogenation (over Pd on charcoal) and esterification of maleic anhydride dissolved in alcohols (40) carbonylation of acrylates in the presence of alcohols and Co complex catalysts (41—43) carbonylation of ethylene in alcohol in the presence of Pd or Pd—Cu catalysts (44—50) hydroformylation of acetylene with Mo and W complexes in the presence of butanol (51) and a biochemical process from dextrose/com steep Hquor, using Jinaerobiumspirillum succiniciproducens as a bacterium (52). 

While caoutchouc was first obtained by polymerizing isoprene it has been found that other hydrocarbons containing the buta i-ydi-ene group will likewise yield caoutchouc. Such hydrocarbons have been obtained from several sources, e.g., turpentiney petroleuniy coaly acetylene. Also compounds related to succinic acid, e.g., pyrotartaric acid (methyl succinic acid) are possible of transformation into isoprene. Levulinic acid, which is aceto propionic acid, CHa—CO—CH2—CH2—COOH, yields a cyclic sulphur compound, methyl-thiophen (p. 853), which, like methyl pyrrolidine, yields isoprene. Ethyl alcohol by conversion into acetone and then by aldol condensation with ethane yields 2-methyl buta 2-ene, CHa—C = CH—CHa which may be transformed... 

There are several industrial processes for succinic acid production (1) oxidation of paraffins forms a mixture of different carboxylic acids, followed by separation of succinic acid (2) catalytic hydrogenation of maleic acid or trani-maleic acid (3) electrochemical synthesis from maleic anhydride in a bipolar membrane or nonmembrane cell (4) production from acetylene, carbon monoxide, and water catalyzed by [Cq(CO) ] in an acid medium under a pressure of 2.94-49.03 MPa at 80-250°C. Among them, electrochemical synthesis is a generally applied process for succinic acid, which has the advantage of high yield, low cost, high purity of... 

Succinic acid can be synthesized by the following series of reactions from acetylene. Show the reagents and experimental conditions necessary to carry out this synthesis. 

Conventional processes for the production of 1,4-butanediol use fossil fuel feedstocks such as acetylene and formaldehyde. The biobased process involves the use of glucose from renewable resources to produce succinic acid followed by a chemical reduction to produce butanediol. PBS is produced by transesterification, direct polymerization, and condensation polymerization reactions. PBS copolymers can be produced by adding a third monomer such as sebacic acid, adipic acid and succinic acid, which is also produced by renewable resources [34]. 

If the same reaction is carried out at temperatures between 250-270 °C and slightly increased CO-partial pressure, succinic acid is obtained as the main product [384]. High acetylene partial pressure in the acrylic ester synthesis from acetylene, carbon monoxide and alcohol in the presence of... 

G. Bemsteinsaure E acide succinique HOOC-CH2-CH2-COOH m.w. 118.09 m.p. 185-187 °C b.p. 235 °C S. was observed by Agrieola in 1546 in the distillate of amber. S. oceurs in fossils, ffuigi and lichens as a metabolite. It is obtained either by hydrogenation of maleic acid, oxidation of butane-1,4-diol, or from acetylene by oxo-synthesis. S. is used for the production of alkyd and polyester resins, surfactants (->sulfo-succinates), plasticizers, the manufacturing of lacquers and dyes and flavor-... 

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