Acetone acetylene

Nitrosyl perchlorate Organic materials Oxygen (Gas) Acetylene, Acetone Peroxomonosulfuric acid Acetone... 

In the case of propylene the principal products were formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, acetic acid, CO and CO2. Small quantities of acetylene, acetone, hydrogen peroxide, and allyl alcohol were also formed. Both formaldehyde and acetaldehyde were apparently formed with participation of one atom of oxygen and since they were present when no 02 was added, they were assumed to be the primary reaction products. The following primary steps were therefore postulated... 

Acetone is a very important solvent and is widely used in the manufacture of plastics and lacquers. For storage purposes, acetone may be used as a solvent for acetylene. Acetone is the starting ingredient or intermediate for numerous organic syntheses. Closely related, industrially important compounds are diacetone alcohol [CH3COCH2COH(CH3)2], which is used as a solvent for cellulose acetate and nitrocellulose, as well as for various resins and gums, and as a thinner for lacquers and inking materials. 

The future looked promising. By the late 1930s, the new Minamata chemical plant was a major producer of organic chemicals, particularly acetaldehyde, ethyl acetate, cellulose acetate, vinyl acetylene, acetone, butanol, and isooctane. The town prospered and became a bustling place, housing chemical engineers, chemical workers, and a local service economy for the plant and its employees. 

Zinc and manganese oxides with chromium oxide Pumice — Acetylene Acetone (57)... 

Cadmium and zinc vanadates Pumice i — Acetylene Acetone (58)... 

Consani, K. Pimentel, G.C. Infrared spectra of the clathrate hydrates of acetylene and of acetylene/acetone. J. Phys. Chem. 1987. 91 (2). 289-293. 

The possibilities of labeling P-ionone have been reviewed by Isler et al, (1960). Total synthesis of P-ionone via citral, developed by Kimel et al. (1957), could be used to introduce carbon-14 in all positions by such basic building blocks as labeled acetylene, acetone, or acetoacetic ester. Preparation of all-rran5-retinoic-6,7- C2 acid, although unpublished, has been referred to in this review (Isler et al., 1960). The methodology was also used to synthesize 13-cw-retinoic-6,7- C acid and is discussed in Section II,A,2,a,i. 

The proportionality constant Ag, for a given gas and a given solvent, is dependent solely on the temperature. In general, Henry s law applies only to highly diluted solutions and is therefore not applicable to systems such as ammonia-water, carbon dioxide-water, and acetylene-acetone. 

Due to the differences in vapor pressure and dissolving power for acetylene, acetone can be favorably applied in climate zones with summer and winter. DMF should be used in warmer climate zones, where temperatures remain considerably above freezing all the year round. The reason for this lies in the higher dissolving power of DMF for acetylene at lower temperatures. 

This is an example of an acetylenic alcohol. It is prepared from acetone by the following series of reactions ... 

Acetylene is obtained from a cylinder (at ground level outside the fum chamber) and is freed from acetone by passing through two 500 ml. wash bottles, half filled with concentrated sulphuric acid, at the rate of 2-3 litres per minute when the acid in the second wash bottle becomes discoloured, the wash bottles should be recharged with fresh acid. The... 

Synthesis We need the symmetrical double adduct from acetone and acetylene. 

Perhaps the most sensational synthesis of chiysanthemic add uses this strategy. You ma r remember that TM 31 is usually made from the adduct of acetylene and acetone. Draw out the stages of this reaction sequence. 

Note 1. The acetylene was freed from acetone by means of two traps, cooled at -75°C. 

After the air in the flask had been completely replaced with nitrogen, it was cooled in a liquid nitrogen bath and a solution of 25 g of acetylene in 160 ml of dry THF was introduced. The solution had been prepared by dissolving acetylene (freed from acetone by means of a cold trap) in THF cooled at -80 to -90°C. A solution of 0.21 mol of butyl lithium in about 150 ml of hexane was added in 5 min to the vigorously stirred solution. During this addition the temperature of the mixture was kept between -80 and -100°C by occasionally dipping the flask into the liquid nitrogen. To the white suspension were successively added at -80°C a solution of 10 g. of anhydrous lithium bromide (note 1) in 30 ml of THF and 0.20 mol of freshly distilled benzaldehyde. The reaction mixture was kept for 3 h at -69°C, after which the temperature was allowed to rise to +10°C over a period of 2 h. 

A suspension of 2.3 mol of sodamide in about 1.5 1 of liquid amnonia was prepared as described in Chapter II, Exp. 11. To this suspension was added 1 g of triphenylmethane. Acetylene (4-5 1/min) was introduced until the red colour of the triphenylmethane anion had disappeared. The flask was then placed in a cooling bath with dry-ice and acetone (-50°C) and the introduction of acetylene (1-1/min) was continued for an additional 10 min. Dry DMSO (200 ml) was then poured into... 

A mixture of 0.30 mol of the acetylenic tosylate (prepared according to the general method described in VlII-3, Exp. 3 from the corresponding acetylenic alcohol, which was prepared from HC=CHgBr and CgHi3CH=0 in THF, as described in Ref. l)and 100 ml of dry acetone was added to a solution of 0.40 mol of anhydrous... 

In the flask were placed 0.20 mol of the acetylenic alcohol, 0.24 mol of tosyl chloride and 350 ml of diethyl ether. The mixture was stirred at room temperature, until the solid had passed into solution and then cooled at -5 to -10 c in a bath of dry-ice and acetone. Machine-powdered KOH (130 g) was added with vigorous stirring, initially in relatively small portions [oa. 5 g), at intervals of 2 min. The reaction was strongly exothermic at first, and efficient cooling was necessary in order to maintain the temperature of the reaction mixture between -5 and O C... 

Cyclooctatetraene can be obtained on an industrial scale by metal carbonyl catalyzed thermal tetramerization of acetylene. If cyclooctatetraene is UV-irradiated at low temperature in the presence of acetone, it is reversibly rearranged to form semibullvalene (H.E. Zimmerman, 1968, 1970). 

Acetaldehyde, first used extensively during World War I as a starting material for making acetone [67-64-1] from acetic acid [64-19-7] is currendy an important intermediate in the production of acetic acid, acetic anhydride [108-24-7] ethyl acetate [141-78-6] peracetic acid [79-21 -0] pentaerythritol [115-77-5] chloral [302-17-0], glyoxal [107-22-2], aLkylamines, and pyridines. Commercial processes for acetaldehyde production include the oxidation or dehydrogenation of ethanol, the addition of water to acetylene, the partial oxidation of hydrocarbons, and the direct oxidation of ethylene [74-85-1]. In 1989, it was estimated that 28 companies having more than 98% of the wodd s 2.5 megaton per year plant capacity used the Wacker-Hoechst processes for the direct oxidation of ethylene. 

Until World War 1 acetone was manufactured commercially by the dry distillation of calcium acetate from lime and pyroligneous acid (wood distillate) (9). During the war processes for acetic acid from acetylene and by fermentation supplanted the pyroligneous acid (10). In turn these methods were displaced by the process developed for the bacterial fermentation of carbohydrates (cornstarch and molasses) to acetone and alcohols (11). At one time Pubhcker Industries, Commercial Solvents, and National Distillers had combined biofermentation capacity of 22,700 metric tons of acetone per year. Biofermentation became noncompetitive around 1960 because of the economics of scale of the isopropyl alcohol dehydrogenation and cumene hydroperoxide processes. 

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