Machine Powder

Sodium metasilicate Sodium sulfate Poly-Tergent SLF-18 

SOURCE 01 in Chemicals POLY-TERGENT Surfactants Formula 

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General note All reagents and glassware should be dry. The best way to obtain dry THF is to shake the commercial product with machine-powdered KOH (about 70 g/1) and distil the filtered liquid from a small amount of Li A1 Hi,. 

In the flask were placed 0.20 mol of the acetylenic alcohol, 0.24 mol of tosyl chloride and 350 ml of diethyl ether. The mixture was stirred at room temperature, until the solid had passed into solution and then cooled at -5 to -10 c in a bath of dry-ice and acetone. Machine-powdered KOH (130 g) was added with vigorous stirring, initially in relatively small portions [oa. 5 g), at intervals of 2 min. The reaction was strongly exothermic at first, and efficient cooling was necessary in order to maintain the temperature of the reaction mixture between -5 and O C... 

PROCESS MATERIAL. IMPACT EXTRUSION COLD FORMING COLD EXTRUSION SHEET METALWORK MACHINING POWDER METAL SINTERING... 

Diisopropylamine (0.12 mol, dried by shaking with machine-powdered KOH and subsequent distillation of the decanted liquid) is added overa few min to a solution of 0.12 mol of BuLi in 84 ml of hexane and 90 ml of Et2<) (a solution of EtLi.LiBr prepared as described in ref. 1 may be suitable as well) with cooling below O C. The obtained solution is cooled to below -80 C and freshly distilled propargyl bromide (0.10 mol, see Chap. XII, exp. 1.1) is added dropwise over 5 min while keeping the temperature between -75 and -80 C (a cooling bath with liquid N2 is indispensable). After an additional 5 min (at -80 C) the clear solution is ready for further reactions. 

A filtered solution of 0.50 mol of potassium amide in -300 ml of liquid ammonia is prepared as described in refs. 1,3, and 4. The solution is concentrated to a volume oflOO to 150 ml by placing the flask in a water bath at 35 C (only the lower part of the flask is dipping in the water]. 1,3-Diaminopropane (350 ml, dried over machine-powdered KOH and subsequently distilled in a vacuum) is cautiously added to the remaining very concentrated solution of potassium amide. An efficient reflux condenser equipped with a narrow outlet (on the top) is placed on the flask, which is subsequently placed in a water bath at - 50"C. The flask is occasionally swirled by hand. When the stream of ammonia vapour has become very faint, the outlet is connected with a 20 cm long tube filled with KOH pellets, which in its turn is... 

The procedure described below is quite general and uses finely, freshly machine--powdered KOH, which is added to a solution of the primary or secondary (acetylenic) alcohol and a 10-15% molar excess of tosyl chloride in Et20, kept around 0 C The excess of tosyl chloride is destroyed during the reaction of the excess of KOH. Side- and subsequent reactions ("saponification of the ester by KOH and 1,2-elimination of p-toluenesulfonic acid from thtfester) can be suppressed by keeping the temperature of the reaction mixture below 5 C. This procedure can be carried out within 2 h and generally gives excellent (often almost quantitative) yields of the tosylates. Purification of acetylenic tosylates by distillation, which is risky because of the limited thermal stability of the esters, is not necessary because the... 

HF etching (4 min, 1 mm dia., 145 um deep) C02 laser drilling Ultrasonic abrasion Electrochemical discharge machining Powder blasting... 

Pressure methods Unidirectional compaction 1. Powders compressed within die cavity into cylindrical or other simple shapes by action of punch. Tableting, powder pressing, dry pressing, hot pressing Tablet machines, powder presses. 

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