Acetylcystein

Several mucolytics reduce the viscosity of mucus by cleaving the disulfide bonds that maintain the gel stmcture. AJ-Acet l-L-cysteine [616-91 -1] (19), introduced in 1963, and mesna [19677-45-5] (20), developed in Europe in the early 1970s (20,21), are effective compounds in this class. Whereas most mucolytics must be adrninistered by aerosol, carbocysteine [638-23-6] (21), which contains a derivatized sulfhydryl group, has shown activity by the oral route (22,23). However, carbocysteine does not reduce mucus viscosity, as does acetylcysteine, but appears to have a direct action on mucus glycoprotein production (24). 

Carbocysteine Timonacic sodium Cysteine HCI Acetylcysteine Letosteine... 

Mucolytic and anti-oxidant drugs include ambroxol, N-acetylcysteine, carbocysteine and iodinated glycerol. These drugs have no proven effect on lung function. At... 

Aromatic diazonium salts react easily in neutral aqueous solution with thiols such as N-acetylcysteine, forming compounds of the type Ar — N2 —S —CH2CH(NHAc) COOH. Nifontov et al. (1990) suggested that such compounds, e.g., that of 5-diazo-imidazole-4-carboxylate, function as a form of transport depot for cytotoxic diazo-carboxylate in the human body. 

The nurse immediately reportsany signs of acetaminophen toxicity, such as nausea, vomiting, anorexia, malaise, diaphoresis abdominal pain, confusion, liver tenderness hypotension, arrhythmias jaundice, and acute hepatic and renal failure. Early diagnoss is important because liver failure may be reversible. Toxicity is treated with gastric lavage, preferably within 4 hours of ingestion of the acetaminophen. Liver function studiesare perform ed frequently. Acetylcysteine (Mucomyst) is an antidote to acetaminophen toxicity and acts by protect-... 

A drug with mucolytic activity appears to reduce the viscosity (thickness) of respiratory secretions by direct action on the mucus. An example of a mucolytic drug is acetylcysteine (Mucomyst). 

The mucolytic acetylcysteine may be used as part of the treatment of bronchopulmonary diseases such as emphysema It is primarily given by nebulization but also may be directiy instilled into a tracheostomy to liquefy (thin) secretions. The mucolytic drugs are effective as adjunctive therapy in chronic bronchopulmonary diseases, such as chronic emphysema, emphysema with... 

Immediately before and after treatment with the mucolytic acetylcysteine, the nurse auscultates the lung and records the finding of both assessments on the patient s chart. Between treatments, the nurse evaluates the patient s respiratory status and records these finding on the patient s chart. These evaluations aid the primary health care provider in determining the effectiveness of therapy. If any problem occurs during or after treatment, or if the patient is uncooperative, the nurse discusses the problem with the primary health care provider. 

Promoting an Optimal Response to Therapy When the mucolytic acetylcysteine is administered by nebulization, the nurse explains the treatment to the... 

When acetylcysteine is administered for acetaminophen overdosage, the drug is given as soon as the overdosage is discovered. Treatment should begin as soon as possible after overdose and within 24 hours of ingestion. 

IkB inhibitory protein kappa B lCAM-1 intercellular adhesion molecule 1 lL-1 interleukin-1 LDL low density lipoprotein MAPKs mitogen activated protein kinases MCP-1 macrophage chemotactic protein 1 M-CSF macrophage colony stimulating factor mmLDL minimally modified LDL NAC A-acetylcysteine NF-kB nuclear factor-kappa B oxLDL oxidised LDL PKC protein kinase C PMA phobol myristate acetate ROS reactive oxygen species TNF-a tumour necrosis factor alpha AM-1 vascular cell adhesion molecule 1... 

TSAI J-C, JAIN M, HSIEH C-M, LEE W-S, YOSHIZUMI M, PATTERSON C, PERRELLA M A, COOKE C, WANG H, HABER E, scHLEGEL R, and LEE M E (1996) Induction of apoptosis by pyrrolidinedithiocarbamate and N-acetylcysteine in vascular smooth muscle cells Journal Biological Chemistry 271, 3667-70. 

Like sulforaphane, however, PEITC-NAC (N-acetylcysteine) conjugate appears to block in Gl. Studies by Lund et al. show that in the case of the colorectal cell line HT29, which lacks wild type p53, treatment with AITC causes the cells to detach from the substratum but, at least in the short-term, they do not then enter apoptosis . Where it does occur, induction of apoptosis by isothiocyanate appears to be a p53-dependent process. However, this statement must also be qualified, because the effect appears to depend on which metabolite is considered. For example, sulforaphane does appear to be able to induce apoptosis in HT29 cells, which express a mutated form of the protein. 

CHUNG F L, KELLOFF G, STEELE V, PITTMAN B, ZANG E, JIAO D, RIGOTTY J, CHOI C I and RiVENSON A (1996) Chemopreventive efficacy of arylalkyl isothrocyanates and N-acetylcysteine for lung tumorigenesis in Fischer rats . Cancer Res, 56 772-8. 

CHIAO J W, CHUNG F, KRZEMINSKI J, AMIN S, ARSHAD R, AHMED, T aud CONAWAY C C (2000) Modulation of growth of human prostate cancer cells hy the N- acetylcysteine conjugate of pheuethyl isothiocyanate , Int J Oncol, 16 1215-9. 

When N-acetylcysteine and thiomalate were studied in a mixed ligand system, the respective activation entropies were found to be AS = —141 and —151J mol ... 

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