Acetic bath

Dialyzer membrane bioincompatibility, hence complement activation, is maximal with the first use of cuprophane membranes, is considerably less with cellulose acetate, and is negligible or absent with polyacrylonitrile and polymethacrylate membranes. With dialyzer reuse, complement activation is greatly attenuated (C2). The effects of dialysate and dialyzer on the induction of hypoxemia are additive, so that hypoxemia is greatest during the first use of a cuprophane membrane and acetate bath, but is much improved by the substitution of a bicarbonate bath. The use of a polyacrylonitrile or polymethacrylate membrane with a bicarbonate bath will not cause hypoxemia (D3). 

Place one pound of cinnabar (dansha) in a cylinder of fresh bamboo, and add two ounces of chalcanthite (shidan) and four ounces of saltpeter xi-aoshi). Seal the openings of the bamboo tube with lacquer, and leave the tube in an acetic bath. The solution is ready in thirty days. [Sanshiliu shuifa,... 

Kois et al. took this approach one step further and co-deposited Cu-In-Ga simultaneously from a 0.4 M acetate bath (pH 5) containing 50 mM metal ions and... 

Abd El Rehim SS, Abd El Wahaab SM, Fouad EE, Hassan HH (1994) Effect of some variables on the electroplating of zinc from acidic acetate baths. J Appl Electrochem 24 350-354. doi 10.1007/BF00242065... 

Figure 7.16 SEM of a monofilament of poly (p-dioxanone) loaded with ibuprofen exposed for 24 h to a dichloromethane bath with a drug concentration of 10% (a) and a braided polyglycolide thread coated from an ethyl acetate bath containing 3% of PLA/PCA/PTMC 10/60/30 and 1% of ibuprofen (b). Insets correspond to higher magnifications that reveal the presence of some particles and striations (see arrows) on the surface of poly (p-dioxanone), and the coating on the polyglycolid threads (see arrows) [145]...

After about 20 minutes, when the liquid should be dry, filter it through a small fluted filter-paper into a 100 ml. distilling-flask attached to a water-condenser. Add some fragments of unglazed porcelain to the ethyl acetate, fit a 100° thermometer to the flask, and place the latter on a cold water-bath, which is then brought to the boil. Some ether is always formed as a by-product with the ethyl acetate, and by these means is carefully distilled off as a... 

Add in turn benzyl chloride (8 3 g., 8 o ml.) and powdered thiourea (5 gm.) to 10 ml. of 95% ethanol in a 100 ml. flask fitted with a reflux condenser. Warm the mixture on the water-bath with gentle shaking until the reaction occurs and the effervescence subsides then boil the mixture under reflux for 30 minutes. Cool the clear solution in ice-water, filter off the crystalline deposit of the benzylthiouronium chloride at the pump, wash it with ice-cold ethyl acetate, and dry in a desiccator. Yield, 11-12 g., m.p. 170-174°. The white product is sufficiently pure for use as a reagent. It is very soluble in cold water and ethanol, but can be recrystallised by adding ethanol dropwise to a boiling suspension in ethyl acetate or acetone until a clear solution is just obtained, and then rapidly cooling. 

Carry out this preparation precisely as described for the a-compound, but instead of zinc chloride add 2 5 g. of anhydrous powdered sodium acetate (preparation, p. 116) to the acetic anhydride. When this mixture has been heated on the water-bath for 5 minutes, and the greater part of the acetate has dissolved, add the 5 g. of powdered glucose. After heating for I hour, pour into cold water as before. The viscous oil crystallises more readily than that obtained in the preparation of the a-compound. Filter the solid material at the pump, breaking up any lumps as before, wash thoroughly with water and drain. (Yield of crude product, io o-io 5 g.). Recrystallise from rectified spirit until the pure -pentacetylglucose is obtained as colourless crystals, m.p- 130-131° again two recrystallisations are usually sufficient for this purpose. 

Place a mixture of 5 g. of camphor, 6 g. of powdered selenium dioxide and 5 ml. of acetic anhydride in flask fitted with a reflux water-condenser. Heat the flask in an oil-bath for 3 hours at 140-150 so that gentle boiling occurs shake the mixture from time to time. 

Add 4 g. of aniline hydrochloride to 16 ml. of aniline contained in a 100 ml. conical flask, and then add 8 g. of diazoaminobenzene, both the solid components being finely powdered. Place the flask in a water-bath, and heat the latter carefully so that the well-stirred mixture is kept at 40° for i hour. Then remove the flask from the water-bath and allow it to stand overnight to ensure that the conversion is complete. Then add about 20 ml. of glacial acetic acid dissolved in the same volume of water, and stir the mixture well to extract the free aniline in the form of its soluble acetate. Allow the mixture to stand (with occasional stirring) for at least 10 minutes, and then filter at the... 

Add first I g. of powdered semicarbazide hydrochloride and then 0 9 g. of anhydrous sodium acetate (or 1-25 g. of the crystalline acetate) to 5 ml. of water, and warm gently until a clear solution is obtained. Then add a solution of i ml. (i g.) of acetophenone in 5 ml. of rectified spirit, and warm the mixed solutions gently on a water-bath for... 

Mix 6 2 ml. (6 4 g.) of pure ethyl acetoacetate and 5 ml. of pure phenylhydrazine in an evaporating-basin of about 75 ml. capacity, add 0 5 ml. of acetic acid and then heat the mixture on a briskly boiling water-bath (preferably in a fume-cupboard) for I hour, occasionally stirring the mixture with a short glass rod. Then allow the heavy yellow syrup to cool somewhat, add 30-40 ml. of ether, and stir the mixture vigorously the syrup may now dissolve and the solution shortly afterwards deposit the crystalline pyrazolone, or at lower temperatures the syrup may solidify directly. Note. If the laboratory has been inoculated by previous preparations, the syrup may solidify whilst still on the water-bath in this case the solid product when cold must be chipped out of the basin, and ground in a mortar with the ether.) Now filter the product at the pump, and wash the solid material thoroughly with ether. Recrystallise the product from a small quantity of a mixture of equal volumes of water and ethanol. The methyl-phenyl-pyrazolone is obtained... 

The pure quinaldine can now be isolated by either of the following methods, (a) Transfer the acetylated mixture to a Claisen flask (preferably having a short fractionating column below the side-arm) and distil the mixture slowly at water-pump pressure by heating the flask in an oil or silicone bath. The first fraction, of b.p. ca. 50715 mm., contains acetic acid and... 

Z>) To 1 ml. of aniline in a small conical flask add about 2 ml. of acetic anhydride and heat on a boiling water-bath for 5 minutes. Now add just sufficient water to dissolve the product on boiling. On cooling, crystals of acetanilide separate out. 

Fit two similar 250 ml. conical flasks, A and B, with reflux water-condensers (using ground-glass joints or rubber stoppers) and connect the condensers in series as before over two water-baths. Prepare a mixture of 2 volumes of acetic anhydride and i volume of glacial acetic acid,... 

At the end of 30 minutes treat the mixture in A as follows Dissolve 8 ml. of glacial acetic acid in 10 ml. of water, add 4 ml. of phenylhydra-zine and mix well in order to obtain a clear solution. Add this to the solution in A and mix thoroughly a slightly cloudy solution may be obtained, but this will clear on heating. Place the mixture in a boiling water-bath and note the formation of j ellow crystals of glucosazone after about 15 minutes. At the end of about i hour, cool, filter off the precipitate and identify as directed on p. 139. 

At the end of about an hour,f filter the solution and tfansfer 20 ml. of the clear filtrate to a boiling-tube. Dissolve 2 5 ml. of phenylhydrazine in 3 ml. of glacial acetic acid diluted with 3 ml. of water, and add this solution to that in the boiling-tube. Mix well and place the tube in a boiling water-bath. After about 15 minutes, crystals of glucosazone begin to separate. At the end of about i hour, filter off the precipitate and identify (p. 319). 

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