Solubility parameter range

Table 1. Solubility Parameter Ranges for Some Commercial PVF and PVB Resins ...

Tables 5.4 and 5.5 predict that unvulcanised natural rubber (8 = 16.5) will be dissolved in toluene (8 = 18.2) and in carbon tetrachloride (8 = 17.5) but not in ethanol (8 = 26.0), all values being in units ofMPa. This is found to be true. Similarly it is found that there is a wide range of solvents for polystyrene in the solubility parameter range 17.2-19.7 MPa. ...

The solubility parameter concept has found widespread use in predicting the compatibility of components used in paints and coatings, and the patent literature contains numerous references to the solubility parameter or solubility parameter ranges in specifying formulations. Its use in predicting adhesion should apply in... 

Plasticizers reduce hardness, enhance tack and reduce cost in rubber base adhesive formulations. A plasticizer must be easily miscible and highly compatible with other ingredients in the formulations and with the surfaces to which the adhesive is applied. The compatibility and miscibility of plasticizers can be estimated from the solubility parameter values. Most of plasticizers have solubility parameters ranging between 8.5 and 10.5 hildebrands. However, the high miscibility and compatibility also lead to easier diffusion of the plasticizer to the surface, decreasing the adhesion properties. Therefore, plasticizers should be carefully selected and generally combinations of two or more of them are used. 

Polymer Solubility. The modified polymers were soluble in DMSO, dimethylacetamide, dimethylformamide and formic acid. They were insoluble in water, methanol and xylene. Above about 57% degree of substitution, the polymers were also soluble in butyrolactone and acetic acid. Solubility parameters were determined for each polymer by the titration procedure as described in the literature (65). The polymer was dissolved in DMSO and titrated with xylene for the low end of the solubility parameter and a second DMSO solution was titrated with water for the high end of the solubility parameter range. These solubility parameters and some other solubility data are summarized in Table II. 

With a series of methacrylate polymers whose solubility parameters ranged from 8.65 to 9.9, it was shown that the polymer/silane interphase is influenced by the solubility parameters of the silane coupling agent and polymer. It was... 

Unformulated poly (vinyl acetal) resins form hard, unpliable materials which are difficult to process without using solvents or plasticizers. The solubility parameter ranges for some commercially available PVF and PVB resins are listed in Table 1. Plasticizers not only aid resin processing but also lower the glass-transition temperature, T, and can profoundly change other physical properties of the resins. For example, the mechanical glass-transition... 

The complete miscible solution will be obtained when the temperature of the solution is >Tm. Equation (3.36b) indicates that any solute having a solubility parameter ranging from 15.1 to 27.1 will be completely miscible with octanol at 25°C. The molar solubility of the liquid solute in octanol is equal to ... 

Because the energy of vaporization of polymers cannot be obtained without decomposition, the solubility parameter is most easily obtained by testing in solvents with different 8 values. This procedure led to the second pragmatic extension of Hildebrands concept—namely, the determination of a solubility parameter range rather than a single value. By this procedure the actual values of AH and AS do not need to be known. The point at which AF becomes positive is determined by experimentally observing insolubility, and the range reported determines 2 ( poiymer ... 

A new set of solubility parameter data has been provided by Hoy (11). He gives tables arranged alphabetically, numerically, and by boiling point in which the solubility parameters were calculated by computer from the Antoine equation extrapolated to 25 °C. While these values are quite precise, they are sometimes quite different from previously reported values. They should therefore be used with caution in predicting polymer solubility when using published solubility parameter ranges for polymers (6). For the experimenter who wishes to set up his own solubility parameter range data, these tables can be quite useful. 

Riggs showed the solubility of a pitch in a series of solvents with increasing solubility parameters followed a bell shaped curve, with maximum solubility occurring when the solubility parameter of the solute and solvent were equal( ). In general, non-polar solvents with total solubility parameters ranging from 8.0-9.5 were desirable for extracting mesophase forming fractions from pitches. In this... 

Figure 7. Optical responses of PFP coated cylindrical waveguide exposed to the same range of vapors and solubility parameter range as shown in Figure G. (Reprinted from ref. 15.)...

A polymer has a solubility parameter range for each group of... 

TABLE 4. Solubility parameter ranges of some polymers... 

As shown in Figure 2, the rate of SAN copolymerization in the presence of ZnCl2 is solvent dependent. The greatest rates of polymerization were noted in 1-pentanol (solubility parameter 6=10.9 H) and tert.-butyl alcohol (6=10.6 H). The rates were correspondingly slower in less polar 1-octanol (6=10.3 H), and in more polar 1-butanol (6=11.4 H) and 1-propanol (6=11.9 H). PSAN swells slightly in 1-octanol, but is insoluble in the other alcohols. Presumably the optimum solubility parameter range 10.6-10.9 H (the solubility parameters of 1-pentanol and tert.-butyl alcohol) corresponds to the optimum solvency of the CTC and the optimum minimum solvation of the copolymer. The slower rates in 1-butanol and 1-propanol, both poor solvents for the copolymer, are probably due to the inability of the polarized CTC to penetrate the non-polar macroradical coil. The slower rate of... 

Solubility Parameter from Viscosity Measurements. Based on the calculated values of Sftba, several solvents (with solubility parameters ranging from 14.5 to 19... 

Solvent Screening. The solvency properties of a commercial polymer can be assessed by determining its solubility parameter range for each class of solvents. The solubility is classified into poor, moderate, and strong. The midpoints of these ranges may be used as single-valued quantities but ranges are more informative. 

In the bonding of a polyester substrate (solubility parameter 10.3) with a series of adhesives having solubility parameters ranging from 8 up to 13, measured peel strengths were greatly increased as the solubility parameter of the selected adhesive neared a match with that of the substrate (Fig. 3). When so matched, the potential for interdiffusion would be maximized and the failure location was directed away from the interface. 

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