Inorganic salts in aqueous solution

For some elements, there are a variety of possible precursors, sulfur for instance (Figure 11). Use of metal-organic precursors, used in MOMBE or MOVPE, are possible if they are soluble in water, or a nonaqueous solvent is used. Mixed aqueous-organic solvents could improve solubility. Overall, there would be an increased probability of carbon contamination, however. One of the benefits of using inorganic salts in aqueous solutions is that the number of constituents is limited, and thus the... 

Table 2.11 Mutual diffusion coefficients of some inorganic salts in aqueous solutions...

Now we look briefly at the discriminating character of the chosen Raman signature of polyatomic anions. So, this line should occur at a frequency different from Raman signal arising from other substances. For the most frequent inorganic salts in aqueous solutions, it is demonstrated in Figs. 5, 6... 

A second liquid is sometimes added to a solution to reduce the solubility of the solute, cause its precipitation/crystallization and maximize the yield of product. It is necessary, of course, for the two liquids (the original solvent and the added precipitant) to be completely miscible with one another in all proportions. The process is commonly encountered, for instance, in the crystallization of organic substances from water-miscible organic solvents by the controlled addition of water. The term watering-out is often used in this connection. This approach is also used to reduce the solubility of an inorganic salt in aqueous solution by the addition of a water-miscible organic solvent in salting-out precipitation processes (section 7.2.5). 

Table 2.7 Mutual Diffusion Coefficients of Some Inorganic Salts in Aqueous Solutions...

Effects of Salts. The presence of inorganic salts in aqueous solutions of poly(ethylene oxide) reduces the upper temperature limit of solubility and viscosity. The upper temperature limit of solubility decreases in proportion to the concentration and valence of the ionic species present. The size of the ions is also important eg, smaller hydrated ions have the greatest effect. The effect of a number of inorganic salts on the upper temperature limit of solubility of poly(ethylene oxide) in water is illustrated in Figure 6. The decrease in temperature is nearly... 

Many inorganic hydration salts show an unharmonic melting phenomenon (peritectic reaction). Upon solidification, they are formed by the reaction between the lower hydration salts and the liquid. The lower hydration salts of inorganic salts in aqueous solutions exhibit generally greater density than the liquid phase and precipitate at the bottom of the container. As shown in Fig. 1 (a) [3], they separate into the solid S and... 

Solution chemistry of inorganic precursors discusses hydrolysis and condensation of inorganic salts in aqueous solution. It Introduces terminology associated with inorganic polymerization used throughout this chapter and in Chapter 3. 

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