Acetate activation

In addition, no DNA cleavage was observed with 19 under silver acetate activated conditions, also consistent with Nozaki s [78] observation that this metal acetate produced little of this dimerization product. The DNA cleavage observed with high concentrations of silver acetate and no cleavage with... 

Thus, the 1-naphthyl acetate activity from the cigarette beetle yeast does have properties, especially the solvent stability, that are likely to promote use for decontamination of lipophilic toxins. In addition, this activity (and in some cases additional molecular forms detected by gel electrophoresis) can be stimulated (based on higher activity relative to solvent controls) by malathion,... 

The female sex pheromone of the leaf-miner Phyllonorycter platini Staudinger (Lepidoptera Gracillariidae) has been identified as (Z IO)-tetradecenyl acetate. Activity of the synthetic compound was confirmed by field tests. ... 

McConkey DJ, Hartzell P, Jondal M, Orrenius S (1989) Inhibition of DNA fragmentation in thymocytes and isolated thymocyte nuclei by agents that simulate protein kinase C.) Biol Chem 264 13399-13402 McConkey DJ, Nicotera P, Orrenius S (1994) Signalling and chromatin fragmentation in thymocyte apoptosis. Immunol Rev 142 343-363 McCoy C, Smith DE, Cornwell MM (1995) 12-0-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate activation of the MDRl promoter is mediated by EGRl. Mol Cell Biol 15 6100-6108... 

The decrease in tetraacetate complex in the resin phase with increased acetic acid concentration is probably attributed to lowered acetate activity in the resin phase caused by hydrogen bonding of invading acetic acid to the resin acetate. A similar but more pronounced effect occurs in the uranyl sulfate system owing to conversion of resin sulfate to bisulfate (17). The only clear cut effect of a wide variance in the lithium acetate concentration seems to be a decrease of the acetic acid effect. This is probably caused by tying up of acetic acid by hydrogen... 

Cell extracts of Methanothrix soehngenii contain high activities of acetyl-CoA synthetase rather than acetate kinase and phosphate acetyltransferase [240,241] (Fig. 10). This indicates that in this organism acetate is activated to acetyl-CoA by acetyl-CoA synthase (AS). Since AMP is converted to ADP via adenylate kinase (AK), and pyrophosphate (PPj) is completely hydrolyzed via pyrophosphatase (PPj-ase), acetate activation by acetyl-CoA synthetase requires the input of 2 ATP equivalents ... 

Beginning with glycosyl acetates, Hamamichi and Miyasaka [104] reported the coupling of an acetate activated ribofuranose with 1 -methylnaphthalene (Scheme 7.22). This reaction produced a 79% yield with the formation of the a anomer comprising only 8.3% of the product mixture. 

Related to the acetate activating group is the more labile trifluoroacetate group. In a reaction between methylphenol and 2,3,4,6-tetra-(9-benzyl-l-(9-trifluoroacetyl-D-glucopyranose, shown in Scheme 7.23, Allevi et al. [79] observed the formation of a 50% yield of the (3 coupled product. Additional examples illustrating the dependence of the stereochemical outcome on the nature of the Lewis acid are known [107,108]. 

Richards RME, McBride RJ. Enhancement of benzalkonium chloride and chlorhexidine acetate activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa by aromatic alcohols. ] Pharm Sci 1973 62 2035-2037. 

D-Glucosamine 6-phosphate can be readily acetylated by a AT-acetylase obtained from a preparation of yeast hexokinase. The resulting iV-acetyl-D-glucosamine 6-phosphate is identified by its Morgan-Elson reaction. The acetyl-coenzyme A which appears to be required for this reaction may be generated by acetate, adenosine-5-triphosphoric acid, and coenzyme A (in the presence of an acetate-activating enzyme). 

Several examples have shown that the degree of activity resulting from synthesis is reproducible, as is the amino acid composition. In other cases, e.g., with p-nitrophenyl acetate, activity was quite variable. Nearly total inactivation by heat in aqueous solution has been demonstrated for some pyropolyamino acids other such systems are heat-stable in aqueous solution. In the p-nitrophenyl acetate system, the nature of the heat inactivation, if not the mechanistic reason for enhanced activity, is understood to involve both imide and imidazole residues. Differing interactions of these residues to produce loci of varying degrees of efficiency could help to explain the quantitative nonreproducibility of activity in separate syntheses. With OAA, selectivity of action was strict, in that several a-keto acids were not measurably acted upon under controlled conditions. The identification of the active locus for hydrolysis of the substrate p-nitrophenyl acetate supports the general inference of specificities, inasmuch as similarly prepared polymers have been shown not to be operative for other reactions, e.g., decarboxylation of OAA (17). 

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