Accident multiple factor

The epithelium, the most superficial cellular layer of the cornea of the eye, is chemically less resistant than the keratinized epidermis of the skin. However, during ocular accidents, we know that it takes a few seconds for the first lesions to appear. This delay is bound to multiple factors, winking reflex, protective and diluting effect of the lachrymal liquid, effect of sweeping of the palpebral movements. After a short period, a kinetic of diffusion will set up in a variable way according to the nature of the corrosive. 

Nervous system side effects vary considerably and include headache, drowsiness, fatigue, hallucinations, mania, psychosis, agitation, seizures, and cerebrovascular accident. Multiple interrelated risk factors include dose, concurrent drug therapy, and preexisting medical and psychiatric disorders. 

The primary goal of this study was to ensure that there was sufficient excess reactivity in the neutron multiplication factor to keep the reactor critical for the 10 year lifespan while ensuring that the reactor would be subcritical during major accident scenarios. The position of the reflector can be used to set the multiplication factor of the reactor. Burnup in the reactor causes a proliferation of additional materials to absorb neutrons and reduces the density of fissile materials, lowering the neutron multiplication of the reactor. This can be offset by closing the reflector, which decreases the neutron leakage of the system. This is shown in Figure 5-1. 

The runs show that between 6 and 7 of the 20 runs done fall outside the one sigma deviation, exactly what would be expected. This give an average multiplication factor of 1.037 0.001. The second set of runs was focused on what the spectrum of the neutrons causing fissions in the reactor during accident cases. The results are shown in Figure 5-17... 

This document recommends a maximum value for the effective multiplication factor (including uncertainty and bias). The guidance is expressed as keif e < 0.95, for all normal and credible accident configurations. This rule is used to place engineering and administrative controls on the facility operations. 

The multiplication factor MF is coimtry-specific and based on the value of the minimum death rate of the population, the ratio of the involimtary accident death rate (exclusive diseases) with the minimum death rate, the number of hazardous activities in a country (on average about 20 sectors) and the size of population. In Mai Van et al. (2008) the multiple factor was determined, MF=550, for the Vietnam situation. This value is reasonable while comparing to that of Netherlands MFnl = 100), and of South Africa MF a = 750) by van Gelder et al. (2004). Therefore, the norm for Vietnam situation can be set at 550 and used for all successive calculations. 

Timeline for Event Analysis. The determination of a sentinel event must be initiated within the first forty-eight hours after notification of the accident/event has taken place and the initial fact finding has commenced. The causal analysis needs to be completed as soon as possible, to preserve an accurate account of events, discover the multiple factors contributing to the accident, and decrease system vulnerabilities for other patients. Generally, the initial summary report to the professional executive council, the patient safety steering committee, the board of directors, and the quality oversight committee should be completed within thirty days, but not later than forty-five days after notification of the event. 

In multiple factor theories, several factors combine in random or some logical fashion and lead to accidents. Factors may include any of the three elements of a hazard activities, conditions, and circumstances. 

Different authors have proposed multiple factor models to help safety practitioners think through accident causation. Grose proposed a model involving four Ms man, machine, media, and management (see Figure 3-2). Obviously, Man refers to people. Machine includes any kind of... 

Multiple Causation Accident Theories Multiple Factors Theory... 

Multiple factors theories attempt to identify specific workplace characteristics that reveal underlying, and often hidden, causes of an accident by pointing to existing hazardous conditions. When viewed as a whole, the characteristics can direct the investigator s attention to the specific causes of an accident. 

The Interim Decay Storage (IDS) facility provides storage for fresh or irradiated fuel for the Fast Test Reactor (FTR), A series of one- and two-dimensional transport and diffusion theory calculations was made -to establish the hUective multiplication factor of the IDS facility when fully loaded with initial driver fuel for the FTR, and also to establish the upper plutonium content of fuel that can be stored in the facility. No consideration was given in these analyses to accidents in which sodium coolant would be lost or fuel spacing changed. 

If no credit for soluble boron in the SFP water is taken, the effective neutron multiplication factor (fceff) of the spent fuel storage racks loaded with fuel of the maximum fuel assembly reactivity must not exceed 0.95, at a 95% probability, 95% confidence level, if flooded with unborated water. If credit is taken for soluble boron in the SFP water, then the of the spent fuel storage racks loaded with fuel of the maximum fuel assembly reactivity must not exceed 0.95, at a 95% probability, 95% confidence level, if flooded with borated water. The /teff must also remain below 1.0 (i.e., subcritical) at a 95% probability, 95% confidence level under the assumed loss of soluble boron in the pool water, that is, assuming unborated water in the SFP (CFR, Title 10, Part 50). Finally, reactivity effects of abnormal and accident conditions are also evaluated to assure that under these conditions the reactivity will be maintained less than 0.95. 

The criticality safety analysis must show that the effective multiplication factor (fcgff) does not exceed 0.95, including all biases and uncertainties, evaluated with a 95% probability at the 95% confidence level, under all credible normal, off-normal, and accident events. At least two unlikely and independent changes or accidents must occur to modify the conditions that ensure criticality safety before a nuclear criticality accident is possible. 

Human Error The end result of multiple factors which influence human performance in a given situation. An often overused causal factor flnding which, by itself, is not entirely descriptive of a true accident cause. Human error is considered more a symptom than a cause. See also Human Factor. 

Major accidents and mishaps have multiple systemic origins, i.e. origins and causes related to multiple factors such as technology, organisations, human factors and the interplay between them. 

Of particular concern is the conclusion that ...the single overriding causal factor is considered to be insufficient rest for the crew... . Any accident investigation report that relies on the identification of a single causal factor is, almost by definition, flawed an experienced investigation team wiU invariably look for multiple factors in the quest to identify the causal chain of events contributing to a serious casualty. 

Subjective (e.g., Epworth Sleepiness Scale) and objective [e.g., Multiple Sleep Latency Test (MSLT)] daytime somnolence quantification does not seem to provide valuable information on patients risks. This could be explained by the fact that sleep-related accidents occur at certain times when behavioral and chronobiological factors play an important role. Medical and legal issues could nevertheless require an objective test, such as the Maintenance of Wakefulness Test (MWT), to confirm that treated apneic patients present a normal level of vigilance. 

Often, the units to be improved must be prioritized. For this purpose, the following case is considered. There are multiple units that require improvement. The value-factor and probability of occurrence of the accident/trouble of each unit are known. In this case, it is possible to prioritize improvements among units based on the order of the amount of degree of anxiety regarding the occurrence of the accident/trouble. The unit that has the maximum degree of anxiety has... 

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