Abdominal perfusion

To exemplify the benefit of isolated perfusion techniques our group compared pharmacokinetic data achieved by high-dose intravenous chemotherapy versus isolated abdominal perfusion using a stop-flow perfusion technique. Details of the techniques of this form of application are given later in this chapter. This special technique has shown promising efficacy in patients with heavily pre-treated, recurrent peritoneal metastatic ovarian cancer. 

Fig. 2.4.1. Pharmacokinetic data of isolated abdominal perfusion using 2600 mg/m treosulfan versus high-dose systemic chemotherapyusing 10.000 mg/m ...

An abdominal perfusion can be established with two special balloon catheters, which are placed in the aorta and vena cava via an inguinal approach under general anesthesia (Fig. 2.4.2). The balloons are placed under X-ray control in such a way that when leveling the diaphragm they ensure complete occlusion of both vessels. Additionally, two Esmarch... 

Klein ES, Davidson B, Apter S, Azizi E, Ben-Ari GY (1994) Total abdominal perfusion (TAP) in the treatment of abdominal metastatic melanoma. J Surg Oncol... 

PMC may result in a spectrum of disease from mild diarrhea to enterocolitis. In colitis without pseudomembranes, patients present with malaise, abdominal pain, nausea, anorexia, watery diarrhea, low-grade fever, and leukocytosis. With pseudomembranes, there is more severe illness with severe abdominal pain, perfuse diarrhea, high fever, and marked leukocytosis. Symptoms can start a few days after the start of antibiotic therapy to several weeks after antibiotics have been stopped. 

Risk factors for ARF include advanced age, acute infection, preexisting chronic respiratory or cardiovascular disease, dehydration, and chronic kidney disease (CKD). Decreased renal perfusion secondary to abdominal or coronary bypass surgery, acute blood loss in trauma, and uric acid nephropathy also increase risk. 

Unfortunately, the patient with shock may not respond to any of these therapeutic maneuvers the temptation is then to use vasoconstrictors to maintain blood pressure. Coronary perfusion may be improved, but this gain may be offset by increased myocardial oxygen demands as well as more severe vasoconstriction in blood vessels to the abdominal viscera. Therefore, the goal of therapy in shock should be to optimize tissue perfusion, not blood pressure. 

In addition to tissue structures, Wapp depends on perfusion conditions. In normal tissues Guyton et al. (1966) have demonstrated that Wapp in a subcutaneous tissue of the abdominal wall is very sensitive to the perfusion pressure. When the pressure is changed from negative to positive values relative to the atmosphere, the value of Aapp is increased by five orders of magnitude. The increase in A app is presumably... 

Cut the abdominal vena cava above the kidney and clear the blood from liver by in sttu perfusion with HBSSB at 37°C, gassed with 95% Oj and 5% COg (Note 3). The flow rate of the perfusate is 50 mL/min. 

Lung perfusion. Mice are anaesthetized as above, abdomen opened, and the heart exposed. The right ventricle is cut and punctured in the direction of the right atrium with a blunt needle connected to the peristaltic pump. Perfusion is carried out as before, and the abdominal aorta is cut to allow the flow through. After blood clearing and tissue digestion, lungs are removed and placed in a sterile petri dish. 

Perfusion of skin with transdermal-penetration-enhancing agents such as ethanol, DMSO-ds and propylene glycol was studied by in vitro P NMR [39]. Epidermal strips from abdominal pig skin were placed in a 10 mm O.D. NMR tube modified for continuous perfusion with buffered salt solution and a serial spectra were recorded on a Broker AMX500 spectrometer. Signal intensities for phosphomono- and di-esters PME and PDE, phosphocreatine PCr, inorganic phosphate Pi and nucleotide triphosphorate, >3-NTP were followed in time. Additional spectra were recorded when the perfusion medium contained dexamethasone. The dexamethasone perfusion resulted in a dose-dependent decrease in PCr and NTP levels and had an effect on PME metabolism. 

For immunocytochemical localization of certain amino acid transmitter enzymes in the central nervous system, a good preservation of tissue morphology and antigen antigenicity is essential In general, perfusion fixation is better than immersion fixation. For perfusion fixahon one may perfuse the fixative into the animal circulatory system through the left ventricle of the heart or through the abdominal aorta. 

Fig. 49. Electron diffraction pattern of anatase as shown in Fig. 48. 50 mg of the dust were suspended in 2 ml saline and given intr eritoneally to a 194 g Sprague-Dawley rat (Charles River, France). 4 days later under pentobarbital anaesthesia (30 mg/kg), the animal was perfused from the abdominal aorta with 2.5 % glutaraldehyde in 0.1 M sodium cacodylate buffer (pH 7.4). Postfixation with 1 % osmium tetroxide in sodium cacodylate buffer. Embedded in Epon 812 and sectioned at 50 nm. Stained with lead citrate and uranyl acetate. - Particles analysed were within phagolysosomes of Kupffer cells (block 4460). Film 224/79...

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