A-ray scattering

This thermally induced motion gave rise to considerable diffuse A -ray scattering and thus reduced the precision of the deduced crystal structures. Dahl observed that both compounds appeared to undergo a solid-solid transition at a well-defined transition temperature below which the diffuse scattering was much reduced. 

From small-angle A -ray scattering all other measurements are for visible light. From their light-scattering measurements at different mole fractions, Jacckel and Majer deduce 8 = 4.7 1.2,... 

Combined measurements derived from small-angle A -ray scattering and viscosity studies indicate that, in aqueous sodium chloride solution, the sodium hyaluronate molecule is approximately 4 nm long. Sodium, lithium, calcium, and magnesium ions induce local rather than overall changes in the conforma-... 

Matscheko and Ribberfors, A Compton scattering spectrometer for determining X-ray photon energy spectra. Phys. Med. Biol., 1987. 32(5) p. 577-594. 

The structure of microemulsions have been studied by a variety of experimental means. Scattering experiments yield the droplet size or persistence length (3-6 nm) for nonspherical phases. Small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) [123] and x-ray scattering [124] experiments are appropriate however, the isotopic substitution of D2O for H2O... 

X-ray scattering arises from fluctuations in electron density. The general expression of the absolute scattered intensity (simplified as I(q) from now on) from the tliree-dimensional objects iimnersed in a different... 

Cakmak M, Teitge A, Zachman FI G and White J L 1993 On-line small-angle and wide-angle x-ray scattering studies on melt-spinning poly(vinylidene fluoride) tape using synchrotron radiation J. Polym. Sc/. 31 371- 81... 

Tidsweii i M, Lucas C A, Markovic N M and Ross P N 1995 Surface structure determination using anomaious x-ray scattering Underpotentiai deposition of copper on Pt(111) Phys. Rev. B 51 10 205-8... 

Ocko B M, Magnussen O M, Wang J, Adzic R R, Shi Z and Lipkowski J 1994 A criticai comparison of eiectrochemicai and surface x-ray scattering resuits at the Au(111) eiectrode in KBr soiutions Electroanal. Chem. 376 35-9... 

Figure C2.17.12. Exciton energy shift witli particle size. The lowest exciton energy is measured by optical absorjDtion for a number of different CdSe nanocrystal samples, and plotted against tire mean nanocrystal radius. The mean particle radii have been detennined using eitlier small-angle x-ray scattering (open circles) or TEM (squares). The solid curve is tire predicted exciton energy from tire Bms fonnula.

The 3D MoRSE code is closely related to the molecular transform. The molecular transform is a generalized scattering function. It can be used to predict the intensity of the scattered radiation i for a known molecular structure in X-ray and electron diffraction experiments. The general molecular transform is given by Eq. (22), where i(s) is the intensity of the scattered radiation caused by a collection of N atoms located at points r. ... 

Schdmaiic illustration of an X-ray scattering experiment. The X-ray beam travels a different distance when ered by an electron at the origin compared to an electron situated at r... 

Figure 10.10 Interference of light rays scattered by segments j and k in a polymer chain. Destructive interference increases with increasing 6.

This is the result we have sought, although it needs a bit of additional manipulation to make its usefulness evident. The derivation we have followed in this section was developed by Debye in the context of x-ray scattering by the individual atoms of small molecules. Since s o , this function again empha-... 

Copolymers of vinyUdene chloride and methyl acrylate have been studied by x-ray techniques (75). For example, the long period (lamellar thickness) for an 8.5 wt % methyl acrylate copolymer was found to be 9.2 nm by smaH-angle x-ray scattering. The unit cell is monoclinic, with a = 0.686 and c = 1.247 nm by wide-angle x-ray scattering. 

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