A-Cadinol

The main components of Salvia mirzayanii were Linalool, Linalyl acetate, a-Tei pinyl acetate, 5-Cadinene, Spathulenol, Cubenol and a-Cadinol. The extraction yield, based on hydrodistillatin was 2.2% (v/w), and based on the SFE varied in the range of 0.65-10.59% (v/w) under different conditions. 

Assume that acetyl CoA containing a l4C isotopic label in the carboxy carbon atom is used as starting material and that the mevalonate pathway i followed. Identify the positions in a-cadinol where the label would appear. 

In acetic acid the intermediate zwitterion is trapped by acetate affording cyclopentenones with an acylated hydroxymethylene group on C-4. Use of this sequence has been made of in the synthesis of the sesquiterpenes cyclocolorenone 347) (3.31) and a-cadinol (3.32) 348). 

Fig. 5-3. Examples of mono- and sesquiterpenes and their derivatives in softwood. 1, a-Pinene 2, /3-pinene 3, 3-carene 4, camphene 5, borneol (R = H), bornyl acetate (R = COCH3) 6, limonene 7, a-terpineol 8, dipentene 9, a-muurolene 10, 8-cadinene 11, a-cadinol 12, a-cedrene 13, longifolene 14, juniperol.

The volatile constituents of Conyza dioscorides L. (Desf.) growing in Egypt showed promising antimicrobial activities against some tested microorganisms [153]. The volatile constituents consisted mainly of sesquiterpene hydrocarbons and oxygenated sesquiterpenes. The major sesquiterpene hydrocarbons are (3-maaliene and a-elemene, while the major oxygenated sesquiterpene compounds are a-cadinol, muurolol, caryophyllene oxide isomers and a sesquiterpene alcohol. 

According to recent investigations, the commercially available oils derive from Artemisia herba-alba Asso (Morocco). Their qualitative composition is similar to the oil of Artemisia vulgaris, greater deviations have been observed quantitatively [165]. Nano et al. [166] demonstrated varying compositions in essential oils of various plant samples from Piedmont. Vulgarol, a bomane derivative, was detected as a new constituent in some of the oils. Spathulenol and a-cadinol, two sesquiterpene alcohols, as well as davanone were found by fork and co-workers [167, 168, 169]. 

The GC/MS analysis of the volatile oil of T. polium [79] showed that sesquiterpenoids comprise the major part of the oil (78.6 %), certain sesquiterpene alcohols such as P-eudesmol and a-cadinol.Two new sesquiterpene diols 7-ej7/-eudesm-4(15)-ene-ip, 6a-diol (146) and 7-epi-eudesm-4(15)-ene-ip, 6P-diol (147) were isolated and their structures were elucidated by H and NMR spectral analyses. 

Reduction Reactions. A modification of the Wolff-Kishner reduction, which is particularly useful for the reduction of a, /3-unsaturated ketones, involves the reaction of carbonyl hydra-zones and semicarbazones with f-BuOK in PhMe at reflux. The reduction of ( )-3-oxo-a-cadinol to ( )-a-cadinol and its isomer (eq 46) provides an exan5)le of this method. ... 

In another study, the EO of the leaves of the Euphorbiaceae Croton flavens L. (yellow balsam) from Guadeloupe, a native plant from the Caribbean area, was analyzed by Sylvestre et al. (2006) and as main components viridiflorene (12.2%), germacrone (5.3%), (E )-Y-bisabolene (5.3%), and P-caryophyllene (4.9%) ascertained. The EO was found to be active against human lung carcinoma cell line A-549 and human colon adenocarcinoma cell line DLD-1. Three of the 47 components of the EO, namely a-cadinol, P-elemene, and a-humulene, showed also a cytotoxic activity against tumor cell lines. Yu et al. (2007) tested the EO of the rhizome of the Aristolochiaceae Aristolochia mollissima for its cytotoxicity on four human cancer cell lines (ACHN, Bel-7402, Hep G2, HeLa). The rhizome oil possessed a significantly greater cytotoxic effect on these cell lines than the oil from the aerial plant. 

Cadainene, 2895 Cadaverine, 389 Cadelene, 2893 Cadinene, 2895, 2907 P-Cadinene, 2986 1-Cadinol, 2894 a-Cadinol, 2887 Caespitane, 2892 Caespitol, 2892 Caffeic, 1549, 1954, 1960 Caffeic acid, 1629, 1657, 2164 aspartate, 1605... 

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