Zirconyl sulfate

Note Flavonoids react with the reagent even at room temperature [1] mycotoxins, steroids, purines, pyrimidines, cardiac glycosides and lipids only react on heating [2, 4-6]. Zirconyl sulfate can be used to replace the zirconyl chloride in the reagent this is reported to result in an increase in the sensitivity to certain groups of substances (e.g. cholesteryl esters, triglycerides) [4]. 

SYNS DISULFATOZIRCONIC ACID SULFURIC ACID, ZIRCONIUM(4+) SALT (2 1) ZIRCONYL SULFATE... 

Synonyms Disulfatozirconic acid Sulfuric acid, zirconium (4+) salt (2 1) Zirconium (IV) sulfate Zirconium (IV) sulfate hydrate Zirconium sulfate tetrahydrate Zirconyl sulfate Empihcal OsS r Formula Zr(S04)2 4H2O Properties Wh. cryst. powd. sol. in water forming acidic sol ns. si. sol. in alcohol insol. in hydrocarbons m.w. 283.35 (anhyd.), 355.40 (tetrahydrate) sp.gr. 3.22 bulk dens. 70 Ib/ft m.p. 410 C tetrahydrate loses water of cryst. above 100 C... 

Zirconyl sulfate. SeeZirconium sulfate Zirmei 1000 . SeeZirconium potassium carbonate... 

The sodium silicate is removed by leaching in water, which at the same time hydrolyzes the zirconates to complex hydrated hydroxides of zirconia. These can be directly calcined to yield impure oxides, or further purified for example by treatment with sulfuric acid. The zirconyl sulfates formed are precipitated with a solution of ammonia to form the basic zirconium sulfate Zr50g(S04)2-JC H2O, and then calcined. 

The crude tetrachloride mixture of zirconium and hafnium is dissolved in ammonium thiocyanate solution. The solution is extracted with methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK). MIBK is passed countercurrent to aqueous mixture of tetrachloride in the extraction column. Halhium is preferentially extracted into MIBK leaving zirconium in the aqueous phase. Simultaneously, zirconium tetrachloride oxidizes to zirconyl chloride, ZrOCb. When sulfuric acid is added to aqueous solution of zirconyl chloride, the chloride precipitates as a basic zirconium sulfate. On treatment with ammonia solution the basic sulfate is converted into zirconium hydroxide, Zr(OH)4. Zirconium hydroxide is washed, dried, and calcined to form zirconium oxide, Zr02. 

Zirconium Carbide Zirconium Hydride Zirconium Hydroxide Zirconium Nitrate Zirconium Oxide Zirconium Silicate Zirconium Sulfate Zirconium Tetrachloride Zirconyl Chloride Chemical Substances Index CAS Registry Number Index... 

Zirconium Oxide Chloride Zirconium Oxychloride Zirconium Oxychloride Hydrate Zirconium Sulfate Zirconium Sulfate Tetrahydrate Zirconyl Chloride... 

Pillared zirconium clay modified by sulfate constitutes a new class of materials. Nevertheless, the classical procedure consisting of impregnating these solids with sulfate solutions presents some disadvantages such as low surface area and a poor sulfur thermal stability. In a previous work, we have developed a new in situ sulfation preparation method using zirconyl chloride as zirconium precursor. However, the use of this salt gives an intercalation solution with a very low pH which can affect the clay layers. Furthermore, the addition of sulfate ions to the ZrOz solution is limited by Hauser salt or polymeric phase precipitation. 

It is known that a zirconyl chloride solution is not stable [11]. The pH of a fresh 0.1 mol/L ZrOCl2 solution decreases from 2.1 to 1.9 after 10 minutes. To study the stability of the zirconium acetate solution, the pH was measured periodically. It was found to be equal to 3.76 and a very weak decrease was observed after two days. These properties could give, besides the non aggressive medium for clay layers, a better reproducibility than the zirconyl chloride solution. The effect of the addition of 2 mol/L ammonium sulfate to the 0.1 mol/L zirconyl chloride solution or to the 0.1 mol/L zirconium acetate solutions on the pH values is plotted in Fig. 1. 

Fig. 1. Variation of pH as a function of sulfate to zirconium ratio for 0.1 mol/L zirconyl chloride and zirconium acetate solution at 20 °C.

All samples were prepared using 0.1 mol/L zirconium acetate solution at 15 °C with 42 hours intercalation reaction. The clay suspension pH was fixed at the same value as that of the intercalation solution. The X-ray diffraction patterns of zirconium sulfate pillared clays prepared with different sulfate to zirconium ratios are shown in Fig. 4. This figure shows a shoulder at about 19.5 A for the sample prepared using a S04 Zr ratio equal to 0.125. The 19.5 A spacing corresponds to the intercalation of non sulfated zirconium polycations [13]. Non-drastic loss in surface area is observed when the sulfate to zirconium ratio increases. But the use of zirconyl chloride solution shows a drastic loss of surface area when the SOarZr ratio increases (more than 50 %) [13]. 

With sulfur a compound of the formula ZrS2 is produced by the action of CS2 on zirconia at red heat. It forms steel-gray crystals which are not decomposed by water nor most acids, but HN03 oxidizes the zirconium and precipitates the sulfur. The zirconyl sulfide ZrOS is obtained when the anhydrous sulfate is heated to red heat in a stream of EbS. It is a bright yellow powder which ignites readily in the air. 

Sodium diisopropyl naphthalene sulfonate Sodium 2-ethylhexyl sulfate Sodium polyacrylate Xanthan gum stabilizer, paints/coatings Cl 3-15 pareth-20 Sodium octyl sulfate stabilizer, paints latex emulsion Ammonium zirconyl carbonate stabilizer, paper... 

The current synthetic technologies for the preparation of zirconia are generally based on precipitation with suitable bases fixim soluble forms of Zr ion. The traditional me od starting from aqueous solutions of zirconyl salts (nitrate, chloride, sulfate) leads to very small primeiry particles that upon drying coalesce into cakes with poor mechanical stability, eventually leading to very fine powders (< 100 jon) [6], The major drawback of this procedure is the near impossibility of obtaining the final particles with proper shapes and diameters in the 0.5-2 mm range. 

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