Zinc titanium fluoride

Titanium fluoride melts at 400° C. under pressure and sublimes at 284° C. This property would suggest its reduction with sodium by the method now used for the production of zirconium—i.e., gas phase reduction (42), However, the sodium fluoride produced melts at 988° C. or 108° C. above the boiling point of sodium, and solid crusts of sodium fluoride might surround the reducing agent. At this temperature iron would also react with the titanium obtained. This eliminates the sodium reduction of the fluoride at atmospheric pressure, but bomb reduction might work especially after addition of zinc fluoride as indicated by Spedding (57, 83) for the reduction of zirconium tetrafluoride with calcium. 

Sulphuric acid is not recommended, because sulphate ions have a certain tendency to form complexes with iron(III) ions. Silver, copper, nickel, cobalt, titanium, uranium, molybdenum, mercury (>lgL-1), zinc, cadmium, and bismuth interfere. Mercury(I) and tin(II) salts, if present, should be converted into the mercury(II) and tin(IV) salts, otherwise the colour is destroyed. Phosphates, arsenates, fluorides, oxalates, and tartrates interfere, since they form fairly stable complexes with iron(III) ions the influence of phosphates and arsenates is reduced by the presence of a comparatively high concentration of acid. 

When nitryl fluoride is passed at ambient temperature over molybdenum, potassium, sodium, thorium, uranium or zirconium, glowing or white incandescence occurs. Mild warming is needed to initiate similar reactions of aluminium, cadmium, cobalt, iron, nickel, titanium, tungsten, vanadium or zinc, and 200-300°C for lithium or manganese. 

Major constituents (greater than 5 mg/L) Minor constituents (O.Ol-lO.Omg/L) Selected trace constituents (less than 0.1 mg/L) Bicarbonate, calcium, carbonic acid, chloride, magnesium, silicon, sodium, sulfate Boron, carbonate, fluoride, iron, nitrate, potassium, strontium Aluminum, arsenic, barium, bromide, cadmium, chromium, cobalt, copper, gold, iodide, lead, Uthium, manganese, molybdenum, nickel, phosphate, radium, selenium, silver, tin, titanium, uranium, vanadium, zinc, zirconium... 

The metal halide catalysts include aluminum chloride, aluminum bromide, ferric chloride, zinc chloride, stannic chloride, titanium tetrachloride and other halides of the group known as the Friedel-Crafts catalysts. Boron fluoride, a nonmetal halide, has an activity similar to that of aluminum chloride. 

Lithium butyldimethylzincate, 221 Lithium sec-butyldimethylzincate, 221 Organolithium reagents, 94 Organotitanium reagents, 213 Palladium(II) chloride, 234 Titanium(III) chloride-Diisobutylalu-minum hydride, 303 Tributyltin chloride, 315 Tributyl(trimethylsilyl)tin, 212 3-Trimethylsilyl-l, 2-butadiene, 305 Zinc-copper couple, 348 Intramolecular conjugate additions Alkylaluminum halides, 5 Potassium t-butoxide, 252 Tetrabutylammonium fluoride, 11 Titanium(IV) chloride, 304 Zirconium(IV) propoxide, 352 Miscellaneous reactions 2-(Phenylseleno)acrylonitrile, 244 9-(Phenylseleno)-9-borabicyclo[3.3.1]-nonane, 245 Quina alkaloids, 264 Tributyltin hydride, 316 Conjugate reduction (see Reduction reactions)... 

Potassium phosphinate, 4453 Sodium disulfite, 4802 Sodium dithionite, 4801 Sodium hydride, 4438 Sodium hypoborate, 0164 Sodium phosphinate, 4467 Sodium thiosulfate, 4798 Sulfur dioxide, 4831 Tetraphosphorus hexaoxide, 4861 Tin(II) chloride, 4064 Tin(II) fluoride, 4325 Titanium trichloride, 4152 Titanium(II) chloride, 4111 Tungsten dichloride, 4113 Vanadium dichloride, 4112 Vanadium trichloride, 4153 Zinc, 4921... 

Calcium fluoride has also been used in metathetical reactions. Usually, heat is required to promote reactions of this type. Booth and Dutton4 passed vapors of a volatile halide [phosphorus(V) oxychloride] over a bed of heated calcium fluoride to produce the chlorofluoride and fluoride derivatives. Sodium fluoride, potassium fluoride, titanium (IV) fluoride, and zinc fluoride have been used in similar metathetical fluorination reactions. 

A variety of metal sulfides and their mixtures have been employed to improve the friction stability, wear, and noise characteristics of friction materials. Commonly used sulfides are antimony trisulfide, molybdenum disulfide, tin sulfides, zinc sulfide, copper sulfides, titanium sulfide, and bismuth trisulfide. Sulfide lubricants are usually used to complement carbonaceous lubricants. Fluoride and molybdate additives are sometimes used to enhance the action of carbonaceous and sulfide lubricants. Examples of fluorides are calcium fluoride and cryolite. Sodium and calcium molybdates have been used in small amounts. 

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